The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.
O Brasil apresenta a maior biodiversidade no mundo e neste contexto, suas espécies nativas tornam-se uma alternativa na busca por moléculas bioativas para bioprospecção de antimicrobianos e antioxidantes naturais. Pertencente à família Myrtaceae, a espécie Myrcia palustris DC, conhecida popularmente como pintagueira-do-mato, não apresenta estudos referente às suas atividades biológicas e composição química. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química do óleo essencial de M. palustris por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), avaliar sua atividade antimicrobiana pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo e a atividade antioxidante pela técnica de 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH). O rendimento total a partir da extração pela técnica de hidrodestilação do óleo essencial foi de 0,35%. A CG-EM revelou a presença de 28 compostos, sendo a maioria da classe dos sesquiterpenos. A atividade antimicrobiana foi observada para todas as bactérias Gram-positivas (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) com exceção de Staphyloccocus epidermidis. Em relação às Gram-negativas, verificou-se atividade inibitória apenas para Shigella flexneri. Para levedura Candida albicans não foi observada atividade inibitória e nem fungicida. O óleo essencial apresentou capacidade de redução de radicais de DPPH até 82,81%, confirmando seu potencial antioxidante. Sugere-se que a ação antimicrobiana e antioxidante presentes no óleo essencial de M. palustris esteja relacionada à presença dos compostos majoritários α-Guaieno (25,89%), α-Bulneseno (13,39%) e β-Selineno (4,76%).
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