Remaja menjadi salah satu pengguna rokok dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat hal ini dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang juga berkaitan dengan kepribadian dan lingkungan remaja. Berdasarkan Factsheet Global Youth Tobacco Survey di Indonesia memaparkan 4 dari 5 orang perokok berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok. Banyak perokok menyadari risikonya dan termotivasi untuk berhenti merokok, namun mengalami kesulitan untuk berhenti merokok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keinginan berhenti merokok pada pelajar SMK Negeri di kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 166 orang siswa perokok SMK Negeri di Kota Padang pada tahun 2018 dengan menggunakan kuesioner Global Youth Tobacco Survey, berbahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pelajar perokok di SMKN kota Padang adalah 43,10%. Sebagian besar perokok adalah laki-laki. Sebanyak 43,40% siswa mulai merokok pada usia pada kelompok usia 14-15 tahun. Sekitar 64,45% berkeingian untuk berhenti merokok. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kurang dari separuh siswa di sekolah tersebut merupakan perokok. Ditemukan sebagian kecil siswa perempuan pernah mencoba rokok dan usia terbanyak mulai merokok adalah usia 14-15 tahun. Sebagian besar pelajar perokok berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok.
Tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan penyakit infeksi paru menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia terutama di negara berkembang. Timbulnya penyakit Tuberkulosis paru sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran distribusi frekuensi faktor risiko penyakit TB paru pada pasien yang berkunjung ke unit DOTS RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah populasi adalah 77 orang, pengambilan sampelmenggunakan metode consecutive sampling untuk mendapatkan 65 orang. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari hingga Oktober 2015 di Unit DOTS RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Data dianalisa secara komputerisasi dengan tampilan deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Didapatkan penderita TB paru dengan HIV negatif sebanyak 86,2%, tidak memiliki riwayat DM 87,7%, memiliki status gizi kurang sebanyak 66,2% dan berdasarkan riwayat konsumsi alkohol 98,5% bukan kelompok berisiko, serta 60% merupakan former smoker (mantan perokok). Sebagian besar penderita TB Paru tidak memiliki riwayat HIV, tidak memiliki faktor risiko DM dan berdasarkan riwayat konsumsi alkohol hampir semua pasien TB paru bukan kelompok risiko. Namun sebagian besar merupakan mantanperokok dan memiliki status gizi kurang.
Endometrial polyp is the most common structural abnormality of the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium) detected in unexplained infertility. Endometrial micropolyps are a hysteroscopic sign of chronic endometritis, detectable in 60% of women suffering from infertility. Both of the lesions provide an unfavorable environment for the endometrium receptivity and therefore may have common features in their etiopathogenesis.Study objective: to study the composition of microbiota in the vagina, the cervix and the uterine cavity in women of reproductive age diagnosed with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Study design: the study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Study methods: group I and II were diagnosed by hysteroscopy with histological confirmation, endometrial samples from healthy women were obtained by aspiration biopsy. Test system "Femoflor" was used to study the quantitative composition of vaginal microbiota, bacteriological examination of the cervix and the endometrium was performed by PCR and by cultivating aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms on special growth media.Study results: no statistically significant differences in the quantitative composition of vaginal microbiota have been identified in all study groups, the only changes recorded have been in the number of lactobacilli. The control group reported sufficient content of lactobacilli in 63% of women studied, the group I -39%, the group II -from 23%. The cervical canal was sterile in 29% of women with polyps, 47% of women with micropolyps and 30% of healthy patients. The spectrum of pathogens isolated from the cervical canal was much narrower as opposed to the vagina and had no statistically significant differences between the groups. The frequency of the uterine cavity infection was 83% in women of group I, 73% in group II and 77% in group III. The endometrium of the patients from the control group has been seeded with noticeably more Enterococcus faecalis (43% vs. 11% in group I and 17% in group II). Endometrial samples of women from group I were characterized by significantly higher detection of Candida spp. -21%, and herpes viruses type 1, 2, and 6 -17%. The spectrum of microorganisms isolated from the endometrium of women with micropolyps did not significantly differ from that in the control group. Evaluation of concordance of the vaginal and endometrial biotope in all groups has not shown any significant differences but in Enterococcus faecalis in the I group (0 vs. 11%) and group III (0 to 43%). When comparing cervical and endometrial biotope the only significant difference has been detected in the group of women with endometrial polyps and concerned herpes virus type 6 (0 vs 11%) as well as the high-risk strains of HPV (31% vs. 6%).The limitations of this study: isolated endometrial pathogens were not correlated with the qualitative and quantitative composition of the gastrointestinal microbiot...
AbstrakRemaja menjadi salah satu pengguna rokok dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat hal ini dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang juga berkaitan dengan kepribadian dan lingkungan remaja. Berdasarkan Factsheet Global Youth Tobacco Survey di Indonesia memaparkan 4 dari 5 orang perokok berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok. Banyak perokok menyadari risikonya dan termotivasi untuk berhenti merokok, namun mengalami kesulitan untuk berhenti merokok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keinginan berhenti merokok pada pelajar SMK Negeri di kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 166 orang siswa perokok SMK Negeri di Kota Padang pada tahun 2018 dengan menggunakan kuesioner Global Youth Tobacco Survey, berbahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pelajar perokok di SMKN kota Padang adalah 43,10%. Sebagian besar perokok adalah laki-laki. Sebanyak 43,40% siswa mulai merokok pada usia pada kelompok usia 14-15 tahun. Sekitar 64,45% berkeingian untuk berhenti merokok. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kurang dari separuh siswa di sekolah tersebut merupakan perokok. Ditemukan sebagian kecil siswa perempuan pernah mencoba rokok dan usia terbanyak mulai merokok adalah usia 14-15 tahun. Sebagian besar pelajar perokok berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok. Kata kunci: merokok, global youth tobacco survey, remaja, keinginan berhenti merokok AbstractTeenager show increasing prevalence on smoking that could be due to many factors such as personality and environment. Factsheet Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Indonesia revealed that 4 out of 5 smokers actually want to quit. Many smokers realize the risk of smoking and motivated to quit with many difficulties. The objective of this study was to know the students who smoke were aspiring to quit in public vocational school in Padang. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 166 student in public vocational school in Padang City on 2018 by using Global Youth Tobacco Survey quesionnaires in Bahasa. The study showed that students in public vocational school in Padang City who smoke were 43.10 % with men dominated. As many as 43.4 % students started to smoke in 14-15 years old with 64.45 % were aspiring to quit. The study concluded that there is less than half students in the school who smoke. In small amount of female students ever tried to smoke and the most of them in 14-15 years old. Most of the students who smoke were aspiring to quit.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 20019 (COVID19) pandemic which first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China. Currently, a vaccine is urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccine candidates are under development and some are in the final stage of clinical trials. The COVID-19 vaccination aims to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, achieve herd immunity to prevent and protect the society, strengthen the health system, maintain productivity and minimize social and economic impacts. Before approval, vaccines have to undergo several clinical trials to ensure its safety profile, efficacy, duration of immune system resistance, and adverse effect. Various strategies have been used in the development of vaccines including viral vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated virus, live attenuated virus, subunit protein¸and virus-like particle vaccine. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages.
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