A. LATAR BELAKANGPembangunan ekonomi suatu negara tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sektor keuangan. Sektor keuangan dapat berperan dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai intermediary function. Dalam pembangunan sektor keuangan, suatu negara dihadapkan pada kondisi sektor keuangan yang mengalami pendalaman (financial deepening) dan sektor keuangan yang mengalami pendangkalan (shallow finance) (Fry, 1995:20).Keberadaan sektor keuangan dalam perekonomian suatu negara memiliki peran penting dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi.. Sektor keuangan yang berkembang dengan baik, maka akan dapat mendorong kegiatan perekonomian. Sebaliknya sektor keuangan yang tidak dapat berkembang dengan baik, maka akan menyebabkan perekonomian mengalami hambatan likuiditas dalam upaya mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi (Brandl, 2002:4). Secara lebih spesifik Dornbusch dan Reynoso (1989:204) menyatakan bahwa suatu negara akan berhasil dalam mencapai sasaran dalam pembangunan ekonominya, bila sektor keuangannya dapat berkembang dengan baik. Perkembangan sektor keuangan ini dapat dilihat dari kemampuannya dalam menyediakan tabungan yang cukup bagi keperluan investasi pembangunan maupuan dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah seperti pembiayaan inflasi dan pengaruh defisit anggaran terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.Keberadaan sektor keuangan dalam perekonomian dapat dilihat dari beberapa indikator. Pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh Lynch (1996:3-33) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 indikator untuk mengetahui perkembangan sektor keuangan suatu negara, yakni; indikator kuantitatif, indikator struktural, indikator harga, indikator skala produk dan indikator biaya transaksi.Berkaitan dengan indikator kuantitatif tersebut, perkembangan sektor keuangan dalam perekonomian dapat diukur dengan engan menggunakan rasio antara aset keuangan dalam negeri terhadap PDB (seperti: rasio M1/GDP, M2/GDP, M3/GDP, M4/GDP). Rasio yang semakin besar menunjukkan semakin dalam sektor keuangan suatu negara (financial deepening). ANALISIS FINANCIAL DEEPENING DI

The exchange rate is the value of the currency of a country with the value of the currency of other countries, which used to make the international trade. This study aims to analyze the effect of BI Rate, money supply, inflation, foreign exchange tourism, exports and imports on the exchange rate in Indonesia. The analysis uses cointegration equation with Error Correction Model (ECM) method. This paper investigates the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in both the short term and long term. The estimation results show that in the short term, variables that affect the rupiah exchange rate on US $ in Indonesia are BI interest rate and exports. While in the long run, the independent variable effect on the exchange rate of the rupiah is the BI interest rates, money supply, and export also. Inflation, foreign exchange tourism, and import do not affect rupiah exchange rate either in short or long term. These results show that control the level of interest rates and the money supply as well as encouraging exports have a crucial role in controlling the exchange rate so that the economy will be in a stable condition.

Teaching materials playing a vital role in supporting the learning process in a classroom. The right teaching materials will make the learning process more effective. The problem that is often faced by students is the teaching materials that are not appropriate, so that it lowers student learning outcomes. This causes the low learning outcomes of students in class XI economics MA Madinatusallam. For this reason, researchers try to investigate the effectiveness of e-pocketbook teaching materials. Field test results showed that the experimental class obtained higher learning outcomes than the control class, with a significant difference (p = <.05).

Program Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have ended in 2015, Indonesia's commitment to achieve the MDGs is done by making the MDGs as a reference inpreparation of documents National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2005-2025. To examine the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) must be evaluated how the condition of development gains in Medan via indicator Millienium Development Goals (MDGs) that specifically alleviate poverty and hunger (goal 1 MDGs) so it can be recommended several measurement programs that can affect target-setting achievements of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Medan. Data analysistechniques used to approach the quantitative approach, but in the scope of descriptive analysis by exploring the data in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that the conditions of development gains in Medan via indicator Millienium Development Goals (MDGs) basically has been running well in which of the seven indicators that proclaimed the majority of activity has been reached.

This study deals with the effects of learning models of discovery learning and learning interest on social science learning outcomes in grade VII of Junior High School of Al-Azhar Medan. This study was conducted in the Even Semester of the Learning Year 2018/2019, which began in April to May 2019 with stages: observation, determining the experimental class and the control class, preparation of research instruments, instrument testing, pre-test administration, giving questionnaires of interest, treatment, giving post-tests, processing data, analyzing data, drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study were there is a significant effects of learning models of discovery learning on social science learning outcomes in grade VII of Junior High School of Al-Azhar Medan (Fcount = 306,594; P = 0,000). There is a significant effects of learning interest in social science learning outcomes in grade VII of Junior High School of Al-Azhar Medan (Fcount 69,071; P = 0,000). There is a significant interaction between Discovery Learning models and learning interest in social science learning outcomes in grade VII of Junior High School of Al-Azhar Medan (Fcount = 5,288; P = 0,012).