ABSTRAK ANALISIS ENERGI DAN EKSERGI PADA SISTEM HTGR SIKLUS TURBIN UAP. Reaktor tipe HTGR merupakan reaktor yang rencana akan dibangun sebagai Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) pertama di Indonesia. Reaktor HTGR merupakan reaktor dengan suhu pendingin keluar reaktor tinggi (686°C ~ 950°C),  efisiensi termal tinggi serta mempunyai sistem keselamatan pasif dan melekat. Untuk mengetahui ketepatan efisiensi suatu pembangkit  dipandang tidak cukup jika hanya mengacu pada efisiensi energi saja seperti yang didasarkan pada Hukum I Termodinamika, namun perlu dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan eksergi yang berdasarkan Hukum II Termodinamika. Karena itu, tujuan studi adalah melakukan analisis energi dan eksergi pada sistem HTGR siklus turbin uap untuk mengetahui kerugian/ kehilangan panas yang terjadi dalam komponen sistem pembangkit, sehingga dapat diketahui potensi-potensi kerugian dan dapat dilakukan perbaikan. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah perhitungan menggunakan program cycle tempo dengan input data dari reaktor HTR-10. Hasil studi analisis dan evaluasi terhadap ireversibilitas sistem reaktor HTGR menggunakan siklus turbin uap menunjukkan bahwa reaktor merupakan komponen yang paling tidak efisien diantara seluruh komponen yang ada dalam sistem. Hal ini disebabkan ireversibilitas yang terjadi dalam transfer energi hasil reaksi pembelahan ke pendingin helium. Pembangkit uap, turbin, kondensor, adalah komponen penyumbang kerugian terbesar berikutnya.  Hasil studi juga menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi sistem HTGR siklus turbin uap mempunyai potensi besar untuk dilakukan perbaikan sehingga mampu memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan efisiensi sistem. Kata kunci: energi, eksergi, HTGR, analisis, turbin uap   ABSTRACT ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS ON THE STEAM TURBINE CYCLE OF HTGR SYSTEM. HTGR type reactor is planned to be built reactors as the first Experimental Power Reactor (RDE) in Indonesia. HTGR tipe reactor is a reactor with a high reactor outlet temperature (~ 900 ° C), high thermal efficiency and also it have inherent and passive safety systems. To determine the accuracy of the efficiency of a power plant is not enough if it merely refers to the energy efficiency just as it is based on the first law of thermodynamics, but it needs to be combined with exergy approach that is based on the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the energy and exergy of HTGR-steam turbine cycle system to determine the loss / heat loss that occurs in the power system components, so it can be seen the potential loss and can be repaired. The methodology used is a calculation using the program cycle due to the data input of the HTR-10 reactor. The results of analysis and evaluation of the irreversibility of HTGR reactor system using a steam turbine cycle shows that the reactor is a component of the least efficient among all components in the system. This is due to the irreversibility of energy transfer that occurs in the cleavage reaction proceeds to the helium coolant. Steam generators, turbines, condensers, is a component of the next largest contributor kerugia. The study shows that the efficiency of the steam turbine cycle HTGR system has great potential to be improved  so it can provide a significant effect on the improvement of the efficiency of the system. Keywords: energy, exergy, HTGR, analysis, steam turbine

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A project was initiated to assess the sustainability of Indonesia’s planned nuclear energy system using the IAEA INPRO Methodology to develop an awareness of sustainability issues to support nuclear energy development strategic planning and decision making. Accordingly, for a nuclear energy system to be sustainable, fulfilment of current needs should not compromise the ability of future generations to meet theirs. The sustainability of the planned nuclear energy system was assessed based on the basic principles, user requirements and criteria in the areas of economics, infrastructure, waste management, proliferation resistance, physical protection, environment, and safety. The assessments covers the sustainability of a large reactor completed in 2014 to support the Pre-Feasibility Study in Bangka Belitung, and of a small and medium-sized reactor (SMR) currently ongoing to support the study in West Kalimantan. The results indicate that evidence of achieving sustainability exists in many respects, but there remain gaps to be addressed in due time on aspects such as economics, investment climate, availability of technology, and global development on non-renewable resources. A preliminary study on fuel cycle arrangements is being performed in parallel, focussing on collecting data including on fuel cycle services abroad. Collecting data has been the main challenge for a newcomer country that has yet to decide on the exact reactor technology. The paper is intended to evaluate the performance of Indonesia’s nuclear energy program using the INPRO Methodology to address the sustainability of its planned NES, i.e., reactors and fuel cycle facilities, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the efforts to achieve the purpose. Awareness of sustainability issues plays a key role in nuclear energy policy, especially for determining the energy mix by 2040, to achieve the Net Zero Emission policy target by 2060 or earlier.

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