Background The global healthcare sector has been dealing with a situation known as a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) since the end of 2019. Covid-19 is an acronym for Covid-19 (Coronavirus Disease- 2019). It causes a respiratory infection that includes cold, sneezing and coughing, and pneumonia. In the case of an animal, it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. Covid-19 transmitted human to human via airborne droplets. First Covid-19 emerged in Wuhan market China and it spread rapidly throughout the World. As we know nanoparticles are a novel drug delivery system. They have various advantageous effects like increasing the efficacy of the drug, safety, etc. In this review, we study about the nanoparticles and summarize how it is effective during drug delivery system in Covid-19. Chitosan is a much focused biopolymeric nanoparticle. It delivers drugs to the specific target site. In a recent health crisis, chitosan nanoparticles are one of the ways to release drugs of Covid-19, and specifically in the lungs of the affected patients. We studied and extracted our data from various research papers, review papers, and some other articles. Objective The main goal is to study the nanoparticles and their future aspects which is an effective drug delivery system in Covid-19. Methods The bibliographic search was done through a systematic search. The terms “Nanoparticles”, “Covid-19 ”, “Drug delivery” etc. were used to search the databases/search engines like “Google Scholar”, “NCBI”, “PubMed”, “Science Direct” etc. These databases and search engines used here perform the limited criteria of search to conduct a systematic literature survey for the study and report writing. All the text from the articles and research papers were studied and analyzed. The various articles and research papers were used in writing this report and all of which are mentioned in the reference section of this report. Conclusion Our current studies reveal that nanoparticles may prove very helpful in the delivery of drugs for Covid-19 treatment. Many cases showed that patients, where drugs are delivered with the help of nanoparticles, produced very few side effects.

Introduction: A pre-experimental study to assess the effect of nursing interventions on the stress level of parents of neonates admitted to NICU in selected hospital. The primary objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of nursing intervention on parental stress among the parents of neonates admitted to NICU. Methods:The present study was conducted among 30 parents of neonates admitted to NICU in a government hospital of New Delhi. The purposive sampling technique was applied. Parents were assessed for stress level by using PSS: NICU (developed by Miles& Funk et al.). On the first day (within 24 hours of admission) followed by nursing interventions which included an informational session of 40 minutes for one time regarding introduction of NICU, indications for admission to NICU, routine care given by staff nurses and doctors to the neonates admitted to NICU, commonly used equipment's and disposable items at NICU, general instructions regarding the care of neonate at home or after discharge and danger signs for neonates. On the third day, parents were reassessed for parental stress score by using same PSS: NICU scale.Results: Out of 30 parents 21 were mothers and 9 were fathers. The mean pre-nursing intervention parental stress score of 72.9±12.98 were more than the mean posts nursing intervention parental stress score of 58.7±12.37 with mean difference of 14.2±5.61 which shows the significant reduction in stress level of parents of neonates admitted to NICU. The mean pre-nursing intervention parental stress score for other three subscales of PSS: NICU; 'sight and sound' 14±4.37, 'looks and behavior' 30.4±9.57, 'parental role' 28.5±4.92 was more than the mean post nursing intervention parental stress score for these three subscales; 'sight and sound'8.6±2.84, 'looks and behavior' 24.9±9.03 and 'Parental role' 25.1±4.44. These results showed that most leading cause of stress among all three subscales was parental role followed by looks and behavior and sight and sounds. The Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS v.20. Conclusion:Nursing Intervention was effective in reducing the stress level of parents of neonates admitted to NICU.

Purpose This study sought to assess the feasibility of conducting a group, culturally tailored behavioral intervention and its impact on sexual barrier use, self efficacy, knowledge, conflict resolution and coping among high risk heterosexual couples in Northern India. Method This pilot study was conducted at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India from February 2008 to January 2009. Thirty sexually active high risk couples were drawn from a convenience sample of PGIMER patients attending infectious disease and family planning clinics. Couples participated in one month of 3 weekly gender concordant behavioral intervention groups and were individually administered assessments pre- and post-intervention. The intervention was tailored to the Northern Indian context, and addressed sexual barrier use, HIV/STI transmission and cognitive behavioral skill building focusing on sexual negotiation and communication. Results Participants were a mean age of 32 (men) and 29 (women) years, and the majority had at least 10 years of education. At baseline, the majority reported inconsistent condom use (<100% of the time) (64% of women, 59% of men). Post-intervention, nearly all participants reported consistent use (100% of the time) (100% of men, 97% of women). Participants also reported decreased verbal aggression, increased self efficacy and increased HIV-related knowledge, and women increased their use of positive coping tactics. Conclusions Results highlight the potential to successfully utilize a group intervention to discuss sensitive issues such as sexual risk behavior among both men and women. Strategies to improve condom use and communication without increasing intimate partner violence in high risk couples may be an important adjunct to preventing the development of a generalized epidemic in India.

The outbreak of the SARS-C0V-2 pandemic has continued to affect people's lives on a global scale. When the number of infected cases decreased, several countries across the world lifted their lock-down controls and started to open. But the latest re-emergence of COVID-19 cases across Europe once again prompted nations to step back to contain the virus spread. The most prevalent route of transmission is through aerosols and droplet inhalation, which is crucial for dental health workers as most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols. Thus, it is imperative to follow infection control strategies and patient management protocols to ensure optimum dental care and at the same time prevent nosocomial infection in dental settings. This review provides an insight into the steps taken for infection control and prevention from COVID-19 transmission in endodontic practices.

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