Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are momentous events in the lives of women and families and represent a time of intense vulnerability. Because parenthood is a uniquely female experience, questions of gender justice and violence are at the heart of maternity care. The study aimed to find out the perceived experience of respectful maternity care and its associated factors among postnatal mothers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study population consisted of mothers who had a normal vaginal delivery and were admitted to the Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre’s postnatal ward from July 1 to August 1, 2021. A purposive sampling technique was used. Standard Respectful Maternity Care scale was used to collect the data. Collected data were entered, coded and edited into Statistical package for the social sciences version 16.0 and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: Of total, 166 (83%) women did not receive respectful maternity care. Regarding the dimensions of RMC, more than half 106 (53%) of the mothers received abuse-free care. Only 40 (20%) of the mothers received friendly care. Parity with friendly care adjusted Odds ratio(AOR)=0.25, Confidence interval (CI) (0.10-0.64), education with abuse free care (AOR=3.66, CI 1.86-7.20), Parity with timely care (AOR=3.27, CI=1.45-7.38). Likewise, educational status of the respondent (AOR= 2.24,CI= 1.13-4.44), religion ( AOR=2.88, CI=1.19-6.95) and parity are the factors influencing discrimination free care( AOR= 0.36, CI=0.18-0.73). Conclusions: The majority of women did not receive dignified and respectful care throughout labor.

Background: Self-medication of the over-the-counter (OTC) drug is practice all over the world. Although appropriate self-medication practice can address minor illness and is time and cost-effective, it can promote irrational use of medicine; prolong the illness, drug dependency and abuse. Medical students are the future medical practitioners and play the crucial role in counseling the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of self- medication among undergraduate students. Methods: An institution based descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted after ethical approval was taken from the Institutional ethical committee of Gandaki medical college teaching hospital and research center (GMCTHRC) and data was collected from May to July 2018. Descriptive and correlation analysis were done with the data. The results were expressed in percentages. Results: Among 115 respondents, 60.9 % (70) were female and 39.1% (45) were male students. Majority of respondents (94.8%) believed that instruction on the label of the drugs should be followed and 78.3% respondents agreed that OTC drugs could interact with other prescribed drugs. However, only 53.9% respondents knew that OTC drugs were Group Ga drugs in Nepal. Despite good knowledge and attitude only 37.4% students had good practice in the rational use of the OTC drugs. Moreover, Antipyretic and analgesic drugs were the most commonly used drugs. However, only 36.84% respondents (p<0.05) knew about the correct dose and duration to take the drugs. Conclusions: We concluded that first year medical and dental should be motivated to use their knowledge into practice.

Background: Following the outbreak of Coronavirus disease in 2019, the year 2020/21 has been an incredibly challenging one for all global health-care systems. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. The study was carried out in all general private and public hospitals of Kaski district of Nepal. Data were collected from 25th October to 5th December, 2020 from the Hospital administrators using a semi structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Most (96.3%) of the hospitals reported that increased cost or expenses of the hospitals creating financial threat is the most challenging situation that hospitals are facing in this pandemic. In addition shortages of ventilators creating ethical dilemma for patient allocation and changing guidelines from authorities have been reported as a challenge by 88.9 percent of the hospitals respectively. All of the surveyed hospitals had developed the use of thermometers for screening at the hospital entrances to minimize the risk. Conclusion: Hospitals in this pandemic are facing a lot of challenges with regard to staff management, PPE management and so on. Hence they need to adopt best strategies in responding to the corona virus.