PurposeCigarette smoking is a major risk factor in periodontal diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases may be affected by alterations of the inflammatory response by smoke. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous, colorless, highly reactive, short-lived free radical with a pivotal role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological mechanisms in the body. It is important in host defense and homeostasis, on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it modulates the inflammatory response in periodontitis, leading to harmful effects. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of NO in both the serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers having chronic periodontitis and to compare them with periodontally healthy controls.MethodsSixty subjects participated in the study and were divided into three groups: group I, healthy nonsmoking subjects; group II, nonsmoking patients with chronic periodontitis; group III, smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. Each group consisted of twenty subjects. The biochemical estimation of NO in the collected serum and in the saliva was performed using the Griess colorimetric reaction.ResultsThe results showed that the mean value of the salivary and serum NO was greater in group II than in group I, and also greater in group III than in group II.ConclusionsNO appears to play an important and rather complex role in the immuno-inflammatory process and in the remodeling and maintenance of osseous structures. It is therefore logical that modulation of this mediator has potential for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease.

To evaluate the feasibility and effect on marginal adaptation in class II composite restoration reinforced with polyethylene fibres in teeth with affected dentine using scanning electron microscopy. Method and material: Class II cavities with dimension 1.5 +0 .25 pulpal depth and 4 ± 0.25 mm buccolingual width/.were prepared on proximal surfaces extracted human molars or premolar with affected/sound dentine on gingival margin. The etching priming and restorations were done in prepared samples as per manufacture directions. The samples were divided in 2 groups depending on use of ribbond inserts in composite restorative material. Samples were finished, stored in distilled water and then thermocycled manually and then sectioned longitudinally through the restorations. The marginal adaptation was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result: The result showed that there was a definite gap all along the interface between caries affected dentine and the composite material in both the groups. The bigger gap was present in group II compared to group I.

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Objective: Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of severely mutilated fractured central incisors teeth using homogenous biological fragment bonding. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were treated endodontically and post spaces were prepared. Intra-radicular biological post core were fabricated from the sectioned roots of extracted canines. Cementation of biological post core in prepared space was done after clinical and radiological confirmation. Subsequent esthetic rehabilitation was done using adaptation of biological crown which was prepared from morphologically similar extracted maxillary central incisor. Results:The association between biological crowns and post core offers excellent esthetic, functional, and psychosocial results, which justifies the use of this technique to achieve the morphofunctional recovery of extensively damaged teeth. Conclusion: The biological restorations are an alternative technique for reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth that provides highly functional and esthetic outcomes.