The level of dental and oral hygiene on elementary school age children is very low, so it can be increasing the incidence of dental and oral diseases which caused by various microorganisms. Mouthwash can keeping dental and oral hygiene, but many commercial mouthwash is still used alcohol as their ingredients, which can be giving side effects, therefore, we still needed used alternative mouthwash, which made from nano chitosan and nano calcium, derived from nature Xylotrupes Gideon. Methods: This is a experimental study with pre and post test control group design using total plate count method. Total is 27 subjects, aged 9 years. Processing data is done by statistical test Chi Square, and one way ANOVA with software of SPSS 23. Results: Results showed that serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) when compared with the fluid from three follicles size categories (Small, Medium and large follicles in CL + and CLovaries). The differences between follicle size categories in CLovaries were only significant for concentrations of glucose and triglyceride. The FF concentration of glucose and cholesterol in same follicle size categories (Small, Medium and large follicles in CL + and CLovaries) were significant (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Measurement results the quantity of bacteria suggested that decreased of bacteria colonies before and after gargle, on negative control 30%-73%, positive control 33%-100%, the 250ppm concentration is 95% -100%, 500ppm and 750 ppm concentration is 100%. Nanoparticles of chitosan and calcium-based mouthwash formulation from X. gideon has the ability to reduce oral bacterial colonies quantity among elementary school age children. More high concentrations of mouthwash formulations which are used more low quantity of oral bacteria colonies.

World-wide, Indonesia is ranked 17th in oral cancers, with deaths reaching 2.326 cases. Of the oral cancers, 90% are squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3). Unfortunately, conventional cancer therapy still has many ill side effects. Therefore, pharmacologists have looked for natural ingredients to prevent the growth of oral cancer cells. One source is Cymbopogon citratus leaf. Research shows that the active compound of C. citratus leaf is a chemopreventive, doing so by increasing the production of re-active oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The active compound of C. citratus leaf has low stability and solubility, so it is necessary to use an encapsulation matrix such as chitosan, and modify it into smaller particles to increase its effectiveness. Purpose is determining the effect of nano chitosan encapsulation of C. citratus leaf ethanol extract (NCECC) on the reactive oxygen species of HSC-3 tongue cancer cells. This study is divided into ten groups – without treatment, doxorubicin (positive control), hydrogen peroxide, nano chitosan and C. citratus leaf extract groups, and five groups of NCECC treatment – concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%, respectively. The 100% NCECC group showed the highest ROS concentration (p<0.05), compared to 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% NCECC groups, and the 100% NCECC was higher than the positive control group. NCECC is effective in inducing oxidative stress on HSC-3 through increased production of ROS. Moreover, the higher the encapsulation concentration given, the greater the increase in ROS production.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to assess the antioxidant activity of lemongrass leaves extract in terms of lowering ROS generation and its effect on the viability and proliferation of fibroblasts under oxidative stress. Material and Methods: The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method and the ROS assay was carried out by fluorescent H2DCFDA staining. Viability and proliferation assays were performed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and was read at 450 nm using microplate reader. The groups were divided into 8, namely fibroblasts without treatment (comparison group), fibroblast induced by H 2 O 2 (negative control), fibroblast with H 2 O 2 then treated with ascorbic acid (positive control), and fibroblast with H 2 O 2 then treated with lemongrass leaves extract at various concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm). Results: The results showed that the antioxidant activity of lemongrass leaves extract had an IC 50 value of 64.17 ppm. ROS production were reduced by the LgLE of all concentrations if compared with negative control (p=0.819). LgLE can maintained the fibroblast viability with 10 ppm of LgLE was the most optimum concentration (p<0.05). LgLE can induced the proliferation of fibroblast, with the most effective was at 24 h of observation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lemongrass leaves extract has a strong antioxidant activity that can reduce oxidative stress and increase the viability and proliferation of fibroblasts with the optimum concentration is at 10 ppm.

No abstract