Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinomas have the potential for rapid and unlimited growth. Therefore, hypoxic tissue areas are common in these malignant tumors and contribute to cancer progression, therapy resistance, and poor outcomes. The aim of the present study was to analyze the gene product distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) in cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and to identify a preliminary correlation between these proteins and clinical staging and Brynes's histologic grading system (HGS). Materials and Methods:The sample included 57 cases of TSCC. Histologic sections of 3 mm were submitted to the immunoperoxidase method and semiquantitative analysis. The association between HIF-1a and GLUT-1 expression in TSCC and the clinical stage and the HGS of Bryne (1998) was evaluated using the c 2 test, with the significance level set at 0.05 (a = 0.05).Results: HIF-1a was mainly expressed in the nucleus/cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, most specimens exhibited diffuse staining in neoplastic cells (84.2%), and focal staining was only observed in perinecrotic areas (15.8%). GLUT-1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of malignant cells, and diffuse staining was observed in all cases. The intensity of HIF-1a expression correlated significantly with clinical stage (P = .011) and HGS (P = .002). A significant association was observed between the distribution of HIF-1a expression and metastasis (P = .040). Immunoexpression of GLUT-1 correlated significantly with clinical stage (P = .002) and HGS (P = .000). GLUT-1 expression in the peripheral island was predominant in most low-grade tumors (78.6%); in the high-grade cases, the expression prevailed in the location center/periphery (55.8%). Comparison of the location of the tumor island in the different histologic grades showed a statistically significant difference (P = .025).

Histological features are not sufficient to establish the correct diagnosis of oral hemangiomas, and an accurate anamnesis is essential in these cases. In addition, these findings demonstrate that vascular lesions express mediators of angiogenesis, HIF-1α, and suggest that his process may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular.

This study aims to evaluate and verify the relationship between the immunoexpression of hMSH2, p53 and p21 in actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Forty AC and 40 SCC cases were submitted to immunoperoxidase method and quantitatively analyzed. Expression was compared by Mann-Whitney test, Student t test or one-way ANOVA. To correlate the variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. The expression of p53 and p21 showed no significant differences between histopathological grades of AC or lower lip SCC (p [ 0.05). Immunoexpression of p53 was higher in SCC than in AC (p \ 0.001), while p21 expression was more observed in AC when compared to SCC group (p = 0.006). The AC group revealed an inverse correlation between p53 and hMSH2 expression (r = -0.30, p = 0.006). Alterations in p53 and p21 expression suggest that these proteins are involved in lower lip carcinogenesis. Moreover, p53 and hMSH2 seem to be interrelated in early events of this process.

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is considered a rare, benign vascular lesion that mainly affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck, but is uncommon in the oral cavity. Its etiology remains unclear and it has been described as a reactive vascular proliferation, vascular malformation or neoplasm. Kimura' s disease is the primary entity to consider in differential diagnosis. Here we report on a rare case of ALHE involving the upper lip of a 50-year-old male patient that had a nodular swelling with approximately 3 cm, 7 years after initial onset. An excisional biopsy was performed and histopathologic examination revealed a well-encapsulated, multi-lobed lesion with proliferation of blood capillaries, displaying endothelial cells of epithelioid appearance, diffuse inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes, plasma cells, numerous eosinophils, and presence of lymphoid follicles. Immunohistochemical tests were positive for the markers CD34 and Ki-67 that, in combination with the results of morphological examination, were suggestive of a diagnosis of ALHE.Keywords: vascular system lesions; hemangioma; differential diagnosis. ResumoA hiperplasia angiolinfoide com eosinofilia (HALE) é considerada uma lesão vascular benigna rara que acomete, principalmente, o tecido cutâneo e subcutâneo da região de cabeça e pescoço, mas incomum na cavidade oral. Sua etiopatogenia permanece indefinida, sendo descrita como proliferação vascular reacional, malformação vascular ou neoplasia. Tem como principal diagnóstico diferencial a doença de Kimura. Este trabalho relata um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 50 anos, que exibia aumento de volume nodular na mucosa do lábio superior, com 3 cm de dimensão e 7 anos de evolução. Após a biópsia excisional, o exame histopatológico mostrou lesão bem encapsulada multilobulada com proliferação de capilares sanguíneos com células endoteliais de aspecto epitelioide, infiltrado inflamatório difuso com linfócitos, plasmócitos, inúmeros eosinófilos e presença de folículos linfoides. A análise imuno-histoquímica revelou positividade para CD34 e Ki-67, o que, juntamente com o exame morfológico, direcionou o diagnóstico para HALE.Palavras-chave: lesões do sistema vascular; hemangioma; diagnóstico diferencial.

a b s t r a c tThe solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumor with a substantially benign clinical behavior. The SFT of the oral cavity is a very uncommon entity. It is also of complicated diagnosis because of its extensive morphologic diversity and because of its similarity to many mesenchymal tumors. A 44-year-old man was referred for management of an asymptomatic lesion in the left buccal mucosa, which had been identified 10 years earlier. Intra-oral examination revealed a well-demarcated, fibroelastic, rounded exophytic mass located in the left buccal mucosa. The mass was covered with a non-ulcerated mucosa of normal color and measured approximately 4.0 cm in diameter. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of spindle-shaped cells arranged in fascicles and in a patternless pattern, highly vascularized, with focal staghorn vessels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed diffuse positivity for CD34 and focal positivity for Bcl-2. Awareness of the morphological diversity of SFT coupled to a judicious use of appropriate immunohistochemical probes should prove valuable to accurately segregate SFT from other spindle cell neoplasms.