Aiming to identify quantitative descriptors directly or indirectly related to grain yield and to verify whether this relationship depends of the growth habit of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), an experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul-Aquidauana Unit, in a soil classified as Ultisol sandy loam texture. The experimental design was randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of six soybean genotypes, being three determinate growth habit and three indeterminate. The following descriptors were evaluated: plant height (PH), first pod insertion height (PIH), number of ramifications per plant (NR), number of pods (NP), mass of hundred grains (MHG) and grains yield (YIE). The data of each parameter of genotypes with determinate and indeterminate growth habit for each genetic class were compared by t-test at 5% probability. The results obtained showed that genotypes with indeterminate growth habit are more productive compared to those who have determinate growth habit. It is recommended simultaneous selection of the descriptors NP and NR for genotypes with determinate growth habit and PH, NP and NR for genotypes with indeterminate growth.

Beans have been widely cultivated throughout Brazil. However, low productivity indexes have been obtained with the cultivation of many cultivars available on the market, so the use of genetic improvement can be a technology to develop more productive bean cultivars adapted to the specific conditions of each Brazilian region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and reaction to diseases in 19 common bean genotypes of the Carioca trade group, among strains and commercial varieties, to obtain information about genotypes with better productive potential in the aquidauana region, MS. The experiment was conducted during the "dry" harvest. The experimental design adopted was in randomized blocks, with three replicates and 19 treatments (cultivars Pérola and BRS Estilo and the lines BRS CNFC 10429, BRS CNFC 10762, CNFC 15003, CNFC 15010, CNFC 15018, CNFC 15023, CNFC 15025, CNFC 15033, CNFC 15035, CNFC 15038, CNFC 15049, CNFC 15070, CNFC 15082, CNFC 15086, CNFC 15097, CNFC 15001, CNFC 15044). The genotypes were evaluated for the following traits: Days for flowering (DFL); Days for physiological maturation (MFD); Plant height (APL); Number of pods per plant (NVP); Number of grains per pod (NGV); Mass of 100 grains (MCG); Grain yield (PROD) and Disease incidence. The genotypes Pérola, BRS CNFC 10429, CNFC 15086, CNFC 15082 were more productive and adapted to the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotono region of Mato Grosso do Sul, and all are susceptible to bacterial cresting.

The use of crop practices to reduce the weed community is an ally to integrated weed management. Given this, the study aimed to identify a composition and weed infestation in a soybean area under different predecessor crops implanted in different years. The experiment was carried out in the 2019/2020 harvest in Dourados, MS. The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments. The treatments were composed of autumn-winter crops. The area with predecessor cultivation: corn-Brachiaria intercropping; cowpea beans; single corn; an area with predecessor cultivation of Brachiaria as pasture for one year; two years; three years; four years; five years, and six years. All treatments were followed by soybean cultivation in the 2018/2019 harvest and an intercropping with corn and Brachiaria in the 2019 off-season harvest. There was a difference in the absolute weed infestation between the evaluated areas. Treatments with corn and cowpea had greater weed infestation. However, areas with pasture or intercropping with corn and Brachiaria showed less infestation, especially in areas with Brachiaria grown in the off-season for more than two years. The weed species composition differs between the areas evaluated. The implantation of a corn-Brachiaria intercropping in the off-season under a crop rotation system, especially in areas with Brachiaria grown in the off-season for more than four years, reduces the weed infestation.

In maize breeding programs can arise difficulties in relation to combination capacity studies for determination of heterotic groups, which are highly correlated with genetic divergence among the parents. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence measured for nine quantitative morphological traits in eleven single-cross hybrids of maize cultivated in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone. The experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul-University Unit of Aquidauana. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. At harvest time, it were measured the following traits: plant height, ear insertion height, ear length, ear diameter, stem diameter, number of kernels per rows, number of rows per ear, weight of hundred grains and grain yield. In the application of hybrids cluster technique was adopted the Mahalanobis's generalized distance as dissimilarity measure, and for establishment of similar groups was applied the Tocher's method. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability among tested hybrids. The greatest genetic divergence was observed among the pairs MAXIMUS and XB6012, implying in heterotic gains. Crossings of lines extracted from hybrids 2B587HX and XB6012 with lines obtained from the other hybrids provide greater heterosis. The traits grain yield and ear insertion height were those who more and less contributed, respectively, for genetic divergence among hybrids.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of sixteen soybean cultivars and to indicate those with the best adaptation to the cultivation in the region of Aquidauana, MS. The work was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit of Aquidauana, in the agricultural year 2014/2015, in conventional planting system. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 16 treatments (RR: 97R21, 97R71, 97R73, 97Y07, AS3610, AS3730, AS3797, B4184, B4377, CD238, MOSOY6410, P98Y11, POWER, SYN1163, SYN13671 and SYN9070) . The plots consisted of seven lines with 5 m of length, with spacing of 0.45 m between rows and density of 15 plants per meter. The agronomic characteristics of plant height at maturity, height of first pod insertion, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pods, mass of one hundred grains and grain yield were evaluated. After data collection, the Liliefors test was adjusted for error and the variance homogeneity was verified by the Bartlett test, and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the grouping of means by the Skott-Knott test at 5% probability . It was concluded that the cultivar B4377 obtained the best performance by analyzing the variables AP, AIV, NR and NVP together. The cultivars that obtained the best performance by analyzing the variables NGV, MCG and PROD together were AS3730 and P98Y11. Plant height NVP and MCG did not influence the best grain yield. Considering grain yield, all evaluated materials may be recommended for the region.