Background: There is so many opportunistic infection is present in PL HIV patient when patient immunity disturbed and their CD4 count decreased .this study was conducted for frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART 1 failure. Aims and objective was to study the frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART1 failure.Methods: This study was conducted in ART plus centre K.P.S. Post Graduate Institute of Medicine (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur) tertiary care teaching hospital and is clinical (assessment with investigation) continuous longitudinal, prospective and retrospective, observational, single centre hospital based study at ART Centre, Kanpur and considered All the patient on 1st line ART treating attending in centre were screened for treatment failure decided by SACEP from 2016 to 2018.Results: In this study there was opportunistic infection present that maximum in oral candidiasis but overall tuberculosis is maximum that is considered pulmonary tuberculosis, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, tubercular lymphadenitis and tubercular pericarditis, Abdominal knocks, TBM. LRTI and chronic diarrhea is also present. The male and rural area are more having opportunistic infections and all are have CD4 count 100 to 200 micrometer /Litre.Conclusions: The opportunistic infection mostly are oral candidiasis and tuberculosis, present in CD4 count in the range of 100-200 /ml.it is the indication of ART failure during treatments.

Introduction: Fungal infections like oral candidiasis is prevalent in cancer patients as their immune systems were compromised.Material and Methods: 377 cancer patients who were clinically diagnosed with oropharyngeal candidiasis were included in the study. Isolation and identification of Candida species was based on standard microbiological procedures. CLSI (2021) recommendations were followed when determining antifungal susceptibility.Results: Among the total 377 cases included, the highest number of instances was reported in those aged 41 to 50 years (30.23%). Candida albicans (21.98%) was the most frequent followed by Candida tropicalis (18.84%), Candida prapsilosis (17.80%). Monomicrobial growth was observed in 77.63% patients whereas polymicrobial growth was observed in 22.36% patients. Candida albicans (24.59%) and Candida tropicalis (20.49%) were the most frequent isolates among patients who underwent chemotherapy while Candida albicans (40%) and Candida Parapsilosis (26.66%) were the most frequent isolates among patients undergoing radiotherapy. Miconazole was found to be more susceptible than Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Clotriconazole among the antifungals.Conclusion: Due to the risk of a systemic infection, it is important to recognise candidiasis as soon as possible for the clinical management of seriously unwell cancer patients. It may also aid the clinician in selecting antifungals for empirical treatment.

Background: Novel Corona virus is associated with the respiratory disorder. Corona virus cases disease ranging from a common cold like illness severe acute respiratory syndrome. Biochemical parameters become altered in the patients, and this has been correlated with the severity of the disease. The present study was undertaken to analyse the effect of novel corona virus infection in organs other than lungs.Methods: The study is a retrospective studycarried out in RMCH and RC, Kanpur from July 2020 to June 2021. Haematological, biochemical and inflammatory biomarker study was conducted in 336 COVID-19 patients.Results: Out of 336 COVID-19 patients the maximum number of patients belonged to the age group of 61-70 years. There were 75% symptomatic and 25% asymptomatic cases of confirmed COVID-19. Sore throat was the most common presentation followed by cough and dyspnoea. Other manifestations include fever, myalgia, loss of taste, loss of smell and running nose. Serum CRP and PCT concentration were observed in more severe cases 22.2% and 17% respectively. Haematological findings include decrease in total RBC count (58.33%). Symptomatic COVID-19 patients have thrombocytopenia (30.95%), lymphopenia (25%), leucocytosis (11.90%) and leucopenia 8.33%. Hepatic dysfunction and renal dysfunction was observed in 71.42% and 14.28% symptomatic cases respectively.Conclusions: We concluded that novel corona virus is not only affecting respiratory system but also other vital organs. On the basis of haematological and biochemical findings we can predict the severity of COVID-19 infection which could be helpful for management of the disease.

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Background: ART introduction was a breakthrough step and a boon for HIV infected and AIDS patients. Since the launch of world’s second largest ART programme by Indian Government on 1st April 2004, duration and quality of patient’s life has improved significantly. But after years of treatment with first line ART drugs clinical deterioration is being observed in several patients. This study was done to find out clinical symptoms present in treatment failure cases and to look for any improvement after one year of second line ART.Methods: This is a Single tertiary care teaching hospital based clinical (assessment with investigation) continuous longitudinal, prospective and retrospective, observational study at ART plus Centre, Kanpur. All patients on 1st line ART treatment in the centre were screened for treatment failure as decided by SACEP from 2016 to 2018. Treatment failure was suspected in patients on first line ART treatment with deterioration or non-improvement of clinical symptoms which was later confirmed by immunological and virological test.Results: Study included 71 (61%) female and 47 (39%) male patients. Heterogeneous mode of transmission of disease was most common (97 (82%)) followed by Blood transfusion (11 (9%)). HIV infection prevalence in age group of 30 to 40 years was 54 (45%). Most common clinical features of the patients with first line ART treatment failure were weight loss (105 patients), chronic diarrhoea (56 patients), fever (34 patients), and cough (24 patients). After treatment for one year with 2nd line ART drugs above symptoms were reduced to 20, 5, 5 and 12 patients respectively.Conclusions: First line ART failure was most common among female patients and heterogeneous mode of transmission was the commonest. Most common clinical features of first line ART failure were weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, fever, and cough which were reduced significantly after treatment with 2ndline ART drugs for one year.