Osmotolerant rhizobacterial isolates were used as inoculants for rice under different drought conditions in a greenhouse. Rice was grown on a Regosol, under either sterile or non-sterile conditions, in which the water level was adjusted to 80% and 40% of field capacity. Rice seed was inoculated with osmotolerant rhizobacterial isolates (isolates Al-19, A82, and M7b) and grown until the plant reached maximum vegetative phase (86 days from seed sowing). Inocula used were: Al-19 plus A82, Al-19 plus M7b, A82 plus M7b, and a mixture of 3 isolates. Under sterile conditions, inoculation of rice with the different inocula resulted in an increase in shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and number of tillers of 0–45.72%, 0.62–79.67%, and 0– 61.11%, respectively. Under non-sterile condition, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and number of tillers increased by 19.66–28.04%, 14.00–91.33%, and 14.29–157.14%, respectively. The study also demonstrated that the role of osmotolerant rhizobacteria was more pronounced at 40% field capacity than 80% field capacity.

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Biosurfactant with efficient emulsification properties could be produced by Pseudomonas flourescens using cassava flour wastewater (manipueira) as media.

Solvent-free cationic copolymerisation of eugenol and N,N′-methylene bis(acrylamide) (MBA) was conducted with different MBA compositions, i.e., 2%, 4% and 6%. The copolymerisation was performed using an H 2 SO 4 initiator in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature (28°C-30°C). The structure of the obtained product, copoly-(eugenol−N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide)) or PEMBA, was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The average relative molecular mass (M v) of PEMBA was determined by viscometer tools at a constant temperature (28°C). The morphology of PEMBA was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of PEMBA were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A comparative analysis of the FTIR spectra of PEMBA with eugenol and MBA demonstrated the loss of absorption characteristics of the vinyl group around 995 c-1. It was strengthened by the loss of the 1 H NMR signal for the vinyl proton at δ = 5.5-7.0 ppm and the appearance of a proton signal from the Csp 3 bond at δ = 0.7-1.3 ppm. Based on the viscosity calculation, it was found that the M v of PEMBA 2%, 4% and 6% were 23543 g mol-1 , 19098 g mol-1 and 12904 g mol-1 , respectively. An SEM examination of PEMBA showed amorphous chunks of irregular shapes and sizes. Thermal analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (T g) of PEMBA tended to decrease with an increase in the MBA concentration, but on the other hand, both the melting point (T m) and the crystallisation temperature (T c) shifted to higher temperatures.