Recently, the main problem of the rice stock and distribution in Indonesia is the quality degradation as indicated in unpleasant odor (smelly), stained, yellowness, and high percentage of broken rice. This is due to the low of paddy quality dried by from either direct

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Background:Chest radiograph was currently the standard imaging for diagnosing pleural effusion. However, there were many limitations, namely radiation, varying interpretation, and long time to get results. Lung ultrasonography is an alternative procedure that is easy to learn and offers many benefits, including noninvasive, radiation free, fast, valid, and reliable. The objective of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+)of lung ultrasonography performed by pediatric resident for diagnosing pleural effusion Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. We included pediatric patients aged 1 month-18 years from November 2018 to December 2019. A sample of 44 patients with suspected pleural effusion was selected by consecutive sampling. The independents variable was lung ulrasonography. The dependent variable were pleural effusion. All subjects underwent lung ultrasonography and chest radiograph. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were calculated.Results:There were 44 samples with 59.1% under 1 year old and 54.5% were female. All patients came to the emergency room with complaints of shortness of breath, accompanied by fever (77.3%) or cough (63.6%). Eleven (25.0%) patients had pleural effusion based on the results of lung ultrasonography. Based on chest radiograph, seven (15.9%) patients had pleural effusion. Lung ultrasonography has sensitivity of 14.3%, specificity of 73%, and LR+ of 0.5 for diagnosing pleural effusion. Conclusion:Lung ultrasonography can be used as a tool to diagnose pleural effusion with good specificity.