This study believes that it needs an effort that encourages students to carry out learning activities to achieve predetermined goals and motivation to determine students' success in the teaching-learning process. The objective of this study is to know the students’ motivation in learning after using e-learning materials using the Telegram app, i.e., telegram bot. This descriptive quantitative research used a closed questionnaire with 11 modified questions, and it was delivered to 46 respondents. Based on analysis of students' learning motivation before using the telegram bot it was highlighted into a good category 80.56%]. This study also manage to reveal three aspects that construct this presents study, namely interests, concerns, and needs. The analysis manage to record that the interesting aspect received 78.19%, the concern aspect received 82.18%, and the need aspect received 81.56%. Thus, and the average score of students' learning motivation was 80.56%. After using the telegram bot, the details of the recapitulation of the motivation questionnaire are as follows, aspects of interest get 84.17%, aspects of attention get 87.23%, aspects of needs get 86.70%, and the average score of student learning motivation is 85.98%. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of telegram bot as e-learning materials can increase student motivation.

Pre-service teachers who are taking undergraduate education after graduating will face generation z students, where students are already facing the 21st century and gadgets have become their playmates. Using gadgets that only for playing games and social media has been deemed less useful. It needs to facilitate teaching how to make learning media using smartphones to equip pre-service teachers to be proficient in utilizing technology, which is called MALL. The objective of this study is to produce a product of teaching materials based e-learning by telegram bot application. The materials are about ICT in English language teaching course. This course is for the seventh-semester students in the English education study program Universitas PGRI wiranegara pasuruan. The method is research and development (RnD). The steps are finding the problems. Collecting data, product design, design validation, design revision, product try out, product revision, utility testing, final product revision, and dissemination. the product has been not only validated materials and media but also testing usage. the materials validation expert shows that the average percentage is 94% and the media expert validation shows that the average percentage is 72%. The tryout result shows that the average percentage is 82%. The dissemination product shows that the average percentage is 87%. Based on the results shows that this e-learning materials product includes an invalid category.

The metaphor is figurative language that compares something with other things that has similar characteristics. Character building is the way to build mental of a person to be better especially in the personality aspect such as how to love his or her country, respect the difference, etc. The best way to conduct personality education is through interesting educational personality in teaching learning. A study on the poems by Raja Ali Haji and Robert Herrick has valuable aspects required from character building in one's personality. The descriptive qualitative research method is used to identify or describe the process and get deep understanding from those poems. After analyzing the data, it was found that 31 metaphors are used in these poems such as structural metaphor (4), orientational metaphor (17), and ontological metaphor (10), and also fifty data of character building from poem were found, including religious, tolerant, and patriotic characters.

During the pandemic, orientation and interaction learning must continue. Lecturers have a responsibility to set up the materials in learning processes. Consequently, it takes advancement in packaging interested materials by utilizing advancement to discover and understand the materials all the more rapidly and precisely. Furthermore, the utilization of web based (online) learning in the electronic module use Text-to-Speech (TTS) in Telegram bot is one of the advancements to improve the value of learning in the classroom. Blended Learning is used by development Telegram bot as 12 materials listening comprehension. There have single preliminary with 5 students, a little group with 14 students and huge group 40 students from English Department. The results of the finding revealed that is average 85% -95% for the little group preliminary, and average for all model in huge group is 88%. For additional advancement, further researcher is used online-based electronic module with TTS in the Telegram bot program in another subject of study such as economic or math.