Non surgical periodontal therapy is the first step in periodontal therapy procedure. Elimination of biofilm andmineral deposit from tooth surface is a basic of periodontal therapy. Clinical data showed that the success of longterm periodontal therapy depends on the result of first step compare to spesific surgical therapy. Methods used innon surgical therapy are mechanical instrumentation, ultrasonic debridement, supragingival and subgingivalirigation, localized drugs, systemic antibiotics, and host response modulation. The successful of periodontal therapydepends on the management of negative environment and reduction of bacterial pathogen through a combination ofbetter environment which is less anaerobic for good microorganism to live. The aim of non surgical therapy is toreduce microbial etiology and factors involved in the progression of gingiva and periodontal. The end result is tostop the disease progression and to gain healthy gingiva and tissue condition.

The increasing prevalence of dental caries is still as a major world health problem. Caries is the direct result of acid production by cariogenic oral pathogens, especially Streptococcus mutans. New and better antimicrobial agents active against cariogenic bacteria with minimal side effects on the oral tissues are much needed, especially natural agents derived directly from plants. Phytochemical studies have shown that the extracts from various parts of mangosteen or Garciniamangostana Linn tree contain varieties of secondary metabolites such as prenylated and oxygenated xanthones, many of which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens. Several studies which examined the eficacy of herbal for human health have shown that xanthones from mangosteen have remarkable biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer etc, and had no cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts. Their results showed that among these xanthone derivatives obtain from pericarp extract of mangosteen, α-mangostin has the most potent antimicrobial activity against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. It can be concluded that the strong antimicrobial activity of the pericarp extract of mangosteen is a good drug of choice that might be helpful in preventing the dental caries.

Pemeliharaan kesehatan rongga mulut dapat dilakukan dengan cara menyikat gigi dan berkumurdengan obat kumur. Obat kumur mengandung beberapa komponen, salah satunya adalah pengemulsi,yang berfungsi untuk menyatukan bagian air dan bagian minyak agar homogen. Pengemulsi yangsering dipakai umumnya berupa gelatin. Gelatin yang digunakan berasal dari sapi, ikan, atau babi. Halini berkaitan dengan kehalalan suatu produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasikeberadaan kandungan gelatin yang berasal dari babi di dalam obat kumur yang beredar di Indonesia.Dua puluh satu sampel obat kumur diidentifikasi dengan alat attenuated total reflection-fouriertransform infrared (ATR-FTIR). Spektrum dari setiap sampel dibandingkan dengan standar gelatinsapi dan babi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kandungan gelatin di dalam 15 dari 21sampel obat kumur, tetapi sumbernya tidak diketahui. Disimpulkan bahwa kandungan gelatin terdapatdi dalam sebagian besar obat kumur yang beredar di Indonesia.Kata kunci : Obat kumur, gelatin, ATR-FTIR.

The tooth enamel colour play an important role in esthetics. The discoloured teeth could be due to the using of boild Piper betle extract as a mouth wash. Up to now many people in Indonesia using the boiling Piper betle extract to manage oral diseases and to prevent tooth decay. The aim of this in vitro study are to know the effective concentration and application time of this agent to change the enamel colour. Fresh Piper betle leaves were processed to get 4 differents concentration (50, 33, 25, and 5%). Aquabidest was used as negative control. Every concentration was studyed using 2 maxillae premolar teeth in 24, 48, and 72 hours application times. 30 good condition teeth were used in this research.    The results showed that every concentration gaves discoloured changes. The optimal concentration and duration are 25% and 48 hours. It is concluded that using of this gargling agent must be intermittent. It can be suggested to use this agent only once or twice daily, each for 2 until 3 minutes gargling.