Perilaku dan faktor dominan penyebab penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di Surabaya belum diketahui secara pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifkasi perilaku dan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada masyarakat yang membeli antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di 90 apotek di Surabaya selama bulan Desember 2014-April 2015. Identifikasi perilaku dilakukan melalui 8 pertanyaan majemuk, dan identifikasi faktor dilakukan melalui dua metode statistik, yakni analisis deskriptif melalui perbandingan mean pertanyaan dalam masing-masing tema faktor, dan analisis faktor menggunakan orthogonal rotation (varimax). Total 267 responden terlibat dalam penelitian. Mayoritas masyarakat yang membeli antibiotik tanpa resep dokter berusia 21-30 tahun (36,33%), membeli dengan frekuensi 1 kali/bulan (45,70%), membeli untuk diri sendiri (56,55%), membeli segera setelah gejala muncul (33,70%), pembeli untuk indikasi pilek/flu (21,30%). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik deskriptif ditemukan bahwa tema “halhal yang mendorong” merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek. Pada metode analisis faktor, nilai cumulative percent total variance xplained adalah sebesar 48,03%, dengan nilai terbesar pada faktor pertama yakni sebesar 23,91%. Faktor paling mempengaruhi penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep adalah kemudahan akses memperoleh antibiotik dan penghematan biaya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan metode intervensi yang tepat untuk menanggulangi permasalahan penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek. Dengan mempertimbangkan kompleksitas faktor penyebab perilaku tersebut, apoteker tidak seharusnya dituduh sebagai satu-satunya pihak penyebab penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep.

The selling practice of antibiotics without prescription is one of serious problems in the global health sector, especially in the developing countries. Nevertheless, the significant driver of such pratices had never been identified yet. The aim of this study was to identify the contributing factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription in the drug stores (apotek). The identification was conducted using a new developed questionnaire. The contributing factors of such practices, found in the literature, were used to develop the questionnaire. The face and content validity were conducted using expert opinion, while the construct validity was conducted using the Spearman correlation test. The reliability of the questionnaire was identified using Cronbach’s Alpha test. The dominant factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription was identified by using descriptive analysis and the factor analysis methods. The final questionnaire consisted of 40 questions and the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha and the calculated R were 0.955 and 0.368-0.867, consecutively. There were 91 workers of apotek in Surabaya who were involved in the contributing factors identification process. Findings of the factor analysis emphasized that the most dominant factor was the attitude of workers that allowed the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (28.3%). The financial issue was found as the second most dominant factors causing the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (8.66%). Owing to these identified factors, there is a need to make a regulation with a strict punishment in order to prevent the habit of selling and purchasing the antibiotics without prescription in the apotek in Surabaya.

Factors attributing to the behavior of non-prescription used of antibiotics in Indonesia setting have not been identified yet. The availability of effective and efficient instrument or method to identify the attributing factors might be the cause of non-optimal identifying process. The objective of present study was to develop instrument, i.e questionnaire, to identify factors contributing to the behavior of non-prescription used of antibiotics. The questionnaire was developed based on factors identified on published scientific literatures. Face and content validity were conducted by having the experts’ judgement, while the construct validity was conducted by using the Spearman Correlation Test. Reliability was tested by using Cronbach’s alpha test. There were 14 rating and 8 multiple answer questions in the questionnaire that could be classified unto 5 domains. After conducting the validity and reliability test, the final questionnaire had a R value 0.276-0.628 and Cronbach’s alpha 0.833. This valid and reliable questionnaire could be used to portray the attributing factors of non-prescription used of antibiotics in larger area, therefore, the most appropriate intervention could be planeed based on the identified factors.