Early marriage in Indonesia is one of the problems not only related to marital law (the age limit of marriage), but also related to issues of child protection and human rights. Many factors underlie early marriage, starting from the factors of customs, families, religious views, to the economy. In fact, based on the facts and results of research, early marriage at least provides a social impact, namely the occurrence of divorce, weak family stability, the occurrence of gender discrimination, and parenting to children who are not optimal. This research discusses two important things, namely, first, what is the role of the government in upholding and protecting children's rights in cases of early marriage in Indonesia, and second, what factors influence the enforcement and protection of children's rights in early marriage. This study uses qualitative methods with socio-legal approach by comparing existed cases either through print or online media with relevant laws and regulations. This study confirms that in the case of early marriage, there are at least some children's rights that are violated, namely: (1) the right to education, (2) the right to protection, (3) the right to play and recreation, (4) the right to equality. In the case of early marriage, children are often victims of violence and discrimination. In some cases, early marriage also causes the release of parental responsibility to children.
The research is intended to examine how child marriage happened and the implementation of policy to prevent the child marriage. The research also examine some cases concerning to child marriage and its complex condition, especially in some area of Central Java, Indonesia. The method used to obtain the main data for the research is by interviewing and observing the main site location, at Munding Vilage Semarang Regency. Some related government offices also become one of the sources of data. The research emphasized that child marriage occurs because of the education of the bridegroom's children, the local culture of marriage at the age of the child is better than marriage in high school, economic factors of the child's family and social or environmental factors of the child. Impact of child marriages (women): vulnerable to divorce, psychological problems that are not yet stable in the management of the household, the breakup of formal education, reproductive health is not ready. The research highlighted that local culture is a challenge in opposing marriage at the age of the child. The research concluded that preventive efforts carried out by related institutions through education complaints in accordance with the main tasks of each related institution.
Marriage is one of the legal events and regulated in a marriage law which is part of a civil law and regulates a man and woman with the intention of living together for a long time according to the legal regulations stipulated in the law. Most of the contents or regulations regarding social intercourse, husband and wife are regulated in religious norms, decency, or modesty, but disputes often occur in the household, resulting in a divorce or breakdown of marital ties, breaking marriage contract due to the wishes of husband or wife or both because disharmony originating from the failure to exercise the rights and obligations of a husband or wife as per the applicable marriage law. When a husband and wife decide on the desire to divorce, they must be prepared to face the court. Because the legal complaints process can only be taken in court, the possibility of the problem being faced by a husband and wife who are going to divorce is complicated and has difficulties when going through the divorce path, this factor can be caused because they are legally blind. divorce which is basically complicated, complicated to drain a lot of funds. In Islamic law itself. Everything that leads to damage to the household is something that is hated by God, such as divorce. Divorce is a lawful act but is very hated by God. Basically, all religious teachings do not allow divorce. So it is recommended for Muslims to be able to maintain integrity, harmony in the household, and be able to solve existing problems in a peaceful manner, so that there is no divorce. The factors that cause divorce are biological factors, psychological factors, moral factors, economic factors, sociological factors.
The emerging technological prospects affected many aspects, including consumer protection. The creation of data and computer-driven innovation would derive several advantages for consumers. Innovative products and services and new ways in which goods and services are developed and delivered. This paper aims to analyse how Indonesian legal policy on protection consumer rights in the digital era. The paper emphasized that it would advise against believing that policy is unreasonably permitted to give way to the technological agenda, whilst accepting that adaptations should be made and also that there should be a critical review of whether existing forms of regulation are needed in the digital economy of Indonesia. Regulations concerning to the protecting consumer rights in the world of e-commerce are still worrying even though many sectoral regulations have been promulgated, as well as weak supervision and lack of strict law enforcement in resolving consumer disputes. Trade regulation via the internet still raises many conceptual or theoretical questions that indicate the need to develop more detailed conceptual and theoretical explanations to the need for more complex laws and regulations to be able to protect consumers properly. More than that, national regulations are dealing with the context of trade through the internet, which transcends national boundaries without always being controlled through conventional means.
The use of technology for the judiciary is now a necessity. In Indonesia, information technology is used for court administration to achieve fast, simple, and low-cost trials. The Supreme Court issued a Supreme Court Regulation as the legal basis for the administration of administration and electronic trials. This is done to make it easier for people to seek justice. The electronic court began in 2018. Its implementation is carried out in stages, starting with certain religious courts as an introduction. Subsequently carried out for all Religious Courts in Indonesia. The problems of this study are: (i) the condition of the religious court from the perspective of legal culture, (ii) reforming the religious court in the perspective of legal culture, (iii) renewing the legal culture of religious courts using an electronic system / E court. The social setting is the Office of PA Kendal class 1 A and PA Pemalang Class 1 A. The study shows; (i) The reality of the number of case registrations in 2019 at the Kendal Religious Court Class 1A shows that the legal culture of registering using the E-Court is 117 cases (3.4%) whereas 5 cases litigation (0.13%). The reality of the legal culture of case registration at the Pemalang Religious Court Class 1A with E Court totaling 94 cases (1.8%). Whereas the legal culture of the trial by e-litigation at the Pemalang Religious Court since the issuance of Perma 1 of 2019 has only 4 cases (0.1%), (ii) the development of legal culture in the electronic system of religious courts is carried out by developing an internal and external legal culture in terms of pre-registration, court administration, trial. Development of an internal legal culture for judges, e-court operator officers, e-court corner officers, public service officers to invite justice seekers to use e-court in its resolution. The service officer also helps justice seekers to make an email as an electronic domicile as a requirement for e-court registration. Development of an external legal culture through socialization. Socialization for advocates is carried out through media meetings, flyers, and online web media. As well as mandatory online / e-court registration. Development of external culture for the community (other users) at the village level in the jurisdiction of the local religious court. The effort is to work at the village level to conduct socialization about electronic courts in the village by the Religious Courts.
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