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Various forms of quarantine and social restrictions to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted lifestyle. WFH has emerged as a growing trend in this new normal era. The implementation of WFH results in all work-related activities becoming home-centred. This study aims to analyse the pheasant and find out the effect of household appliance use on energy consumption during the implementation of WFH. The questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2020 and it collected 215 responses from residents of Indonesia, during the pandemic which was distributed online. The data were analysed using a multiple regression analysis with SPSS to determine the relationship between variables. The results showed that the length of WFH time affected an increase of energy consumption especially from the use of home computer, internet, rice cooker, AC, and water needs. In addition, the increase that happened also depends on the population living and the size of the building they live in. If this continues, it could lead to the risk of an energy crisis. Strategies related to proper distribution and energy demand are needed to build resilience and form a sustainable society.

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Japan’s government has adopted the “Private Finance Initiative (PFI)” as a project method for monitoring “air-conditioning (AC)” performance after AC installation projects to overcome heatstroke increase in schools during the summer. However, this project was conducted long after schools were built, which raises the question: what is the AC “energy-use (EU)” and how comfortable will the classroom be when it is installed without going through the planning stage? Minimizing AC EU while keeping indoor thermal comfort is the main concern for low-carbon building design technology development. This research aims to evaluate the AC EU and summer indoor thermal comfort in classrooms by position and zone. This research method analyzes PFI monitoring data, field measurement data, and questionnaires with sensitivity analysis. It found that AC EU in the summer was higher than in the winter. In addition, the AC setting temperatures in the summer (cooling) were below the government-recommended value of 28 °C. Although the indoor thermal comfort percentage in the summer had reached 75.3%, there was a seating position with a smaller comfort percentage than others. The result further shows that most students felt “neutral”. However, the number of students who felt “slightly cool” and “cool” were more than those who felt “slightly warm” and “warm”.

Indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality in educational buildings are essential for students’ health and learning performance. In this pandemic situation, regulation of door and ventilation opening in the classroom for offline class become important for infection spread prevention. Based on Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare standard, CO2 concentration level shall not exceed 1,000 ppm to prevent infection spreading. Yet significant amount of door and ventilation opening may reduce the level of thermal comfort because the Air-conditioning leakage. This study aims to evaluate CO2 concentration and indoor thermal comfort in two classrooms with door and ventilation opening regulation. In this study, the experimental measurements conducted in spring and summer season in The University of Kitakyushu. The method used in this study is by measuring air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration. The research results are expected to be a reference for the optimal application of regulations for thermal comfort and infection spread prevention.