According to WHO, stunting is a condition of failure to grow. This can be experienced by children who get poor nutrition, have recurrent infections, and have insufficient psychosocial stimulation. Children are said to be stunting when their height growth does not match the world standard growth chart. The 2018 National Health Research (Riskesdas) data processed by Lokadata Beritagar.id shows that 30.8 percent of children under five in Indonesia experience stunting. Based on the Kampar Nutrition Situation Map in 2018 explained that the prevalence of toddlers is very short. In Kampar District it is 6.67% and short toddlers is 13.15%. If you look at the prevalence according to sub-districts in Kampar District, this study is an observational study using a cross-sectional design, using 105 toddlers. The study was conducted in Kualu Village. Bivariate data analysis uses the Quadratic Kai Test. The results showed that some parents in the Toddler Stunting group had a basic education of 102 respondents (92.86%), most had 70 respondents (67.87%) of labor and the income of most of the income below the regional drinking wage (

AIM:This study aimed to analyse tuberculosis (TB) medication-taking behaviour based on the concept of concordance between health workers and TB patients in Medan, Indonesia.METHODS:This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 100 patients undergoing TB treatment at several public health centres in Medan City participated in the study.RESULTS:The results showed that there was a relationship between the concordance behaviour of the health workers with the attitude and medication-taking behaviour of the patients (p < 0.05). However, there was no relationship found between concordance and knowledge of the patients (p > 0.05).CONCLUSION:The results showed that most of the concordance behaviour, knowledge, attitude, and behaviour in the sample were good.

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases and metabolic disorders would result in oxidative stress in cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant present inside cells that acts against oxidative stress. SOD gene polymorphism can affect the activity and levels of SOD. AIM: This study aimed to analyse SOD levels and polymorphism of gene (ala16val) that regulated SOD in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in Medan city. METHODS: A total of 40 tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and 40 healthy subjects participated in the study. The levels of SOD were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analysis of SOD gene polymorphism (ala16val) was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengths polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) with BsaW1 as the restriction enzyme. The statistical significance was determined using the Mann Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal Wallis test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The SOD levels of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus were lower than those of the healthy subjects (102.474 ± 36.07 U/L vs 294.543 ± 58.75 U/L, p < 0.05). Patients of tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus tend to have more value/Val genotypes than the healthy group (57.5% vs 50%, p > 0.05). There was no association between SOD levels and SOD gene polymorphism (ala16val) in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was an association between the levels of SOD and tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus, but not for the SOD gene polymorphism (ala16val). The SOD gene polymorphism (ala16val) was not the key role to influence the SOD levels in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in Medan city.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia condition in diabetes mellitus (DM) influences proinflammatory cytokine levels and disrupts antioxidant balances. Glycated Hemoglobin is used as a biomarker of glycemic control in DM. AIM: This study aimed to analyse the association between glycated Hemoglobin with the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6) and antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH)) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital. METHODS: A total of eighty-nine T2DM patients were recruited at USU Hospital. Glycated Hemoglobin levels were measured using routine laboratory tests at USU Hospital. The IL-6, GPx, and GSH levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method. The statistical significance was determined using the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean of glycated hemoglobin (%), IL-6 (pg/ml), GPx (ng/ml), and GSH (ng/ml) levels in T2DM patients were 8.96 ± 2.28, 59.27 ± 16.04, 32.13 ± 12.10, and 7.42 ± 3.50, respectively. Regarding the glycated Hemoglobin levels, 28.09% of patients had controlled diabetes, 24.72% of patients had poorly controlled diabetes, and 47.19% of patients had uncontrolled diabetes. The IL-6 levels of the three study groups based on glycated Hemoglobin levels were related significantly (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference observed between the GPx and GSH levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the glycated Hemoglobin was associated with the levels of serum IL-6 levels but not GPx and GSH levels in T2DM patients in USU Hospital.

Achievement of learning objectives cannot be separated from the role of a teacher. Teachers should be a motivator for their students, so that their potential is fully realized developed. Teachers should be able to create a classroom climate that is conducive to learning materials proposed for creative teachers will be able to manage the class that student achievement can be optimized. This study aims to determine how to improve students' motivation and achievement through cooperative learning models of STAD (Student Team Achievement Division). This research is a classroom action research. The subjects were students of class Student MA Al-Asy-ary Purwakart a in the academic year 2022/2023. The results of this study showed an increase learning motivation significantly.