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A procedure for reliability-related quality programming is devel oped to fi ll existing gaps in software de sign and development so that a quality programming plan can be achieved. This study investigates the tradeoff between system reliability improvement and resource con sumption through the management phase. A software reliability-to cost relation is developed from both a software reliability-related cost model and software redundancy models with common-cause failures.The software reliability optimization problem can be formulated into a mixed-integer programming problem and solved by a branch-and b ound technique_ 0149 I44X/89/0000-0 04 1SOl.00 © 1989 IEEE Dr. Kuo is a senior member of IEEE, ASQC, lIE, and Sigma Xi. He has coauthored the text OptimIzation of Systems Reliability, published by Marcel Dekker, third printing, 1988, and is a guest editor of the IEEE Journal on Selected .4reas in Communications published by the IEEE Communica tions Society in 1986.

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Dissolved oxygen concentration has the characteristics of nonlinearity, time series and instability, which increase the difficulty of accurate prediction. In order to accurately predict the dissolved oxygen concentration in the dish-shaped lakes in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province, China, a dissolved oxygen concentration prediction model, based on wavelet transform (WT)-based denoising, maximal information coefficient (MIC)-based feature selection, and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), was proposed for this study. In experiments, the proposed model showed good prediction performance, achieving a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.087 mg/L, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.723%, and a coefficient of determination (R2) as high as 0.998. It shows that the prediction model based on the combination of the wavelet transform and the GRU has a relatively high prediction accuracy and a better fitting effect. The model proposed in this study can provide a reference for protecting this type of lake-water body and the restoration of missing values in lake water quality monitoring data.

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