Background:The standard treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) which ineligible transplant is melphalan prednisone (MP). Curcumin has anti‐inflamatory, anti angiogenesis, decrease proliferation and delay progression of monoclonal gammopathy undetermined significant or smoldering myeloma. There is no study of curcumin in MM patientsAims:To evaluate the effect of curcumin addition to remission status at MM patient with regiment MPMethodsThis experimental study was involved 35 patients which randomly into treatment (n = 17) and control (n = 16). The treatment group was given melphalan 4 mg/m2, prednisone 40 mg/m2 (MP) for 7 days and curcumin 8 gram daily for 28 days. The control group was given MP and placebo. Remision status was evaluated after 4 cycles treatment. The difference between two groups was analysed by Mann‐Whitney U‐Test. Trend analysis was evealuated by Friedman. Remission status was evaluated by Chi‐square. Multivariate analysis was evaluated by multiple logistic regression.Results:There was a significant decrease of NF‐KB, VEGF, TNF‐α, LDH levels in the treatment group compared with control. There was a decreasing trend of IL‐6 levels in the treatment group significantly. There was significant difference of remission status beetween the treatment and control group [(75 vs 33.3), X2 = 6.89,df = 1, p = 0.009]. There was significant correlation between TNF‐α levles and remission status [OR = 1.35; (95% CI = 1.03‐1.7.6), p = 0.03].Summary/Conclusion:The curcumin addition on MM patient with MP regiment improved the remision status through decreased of TNF‐α levels.

Abstract. Obesity is still a health problem in Indonesia, so it requires further treatment. Treatment of obesity with a low-fat diet (DRL) and a low-carbohydrate diet (DRK) is currently being used, so the aim of this study was to compare the effect of DRL and DRK on weight loss in obese adults. This study was taken using the scoping review method with a sample of international articles from Pubmed, Spinger Link and Proquest data sources with a total of 1092. Articles that met the inclusion, exclusion and eligibility criteria used the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist which included two articles. The results of the second article show that DRL can lose weight in obese adults but it takes longer and DRK can lose weight in obese adults more quickly and significantly. The results of the comparison of DRL and DRK on weight loss in adults, one article showed that DRK was more significant and faster in losing weight than DRL, another article showed that the comparison of DRL and DRK there was no significant difference in losing weight because of differences in patterns. genotype. The conclusion in this study is that one article shows significant results and another article shows insignificant results between DRL and DRK so that it requires further research. Abstrak. Obesitas masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, sehingga membutuhkan  penanganan lebih lanjut. Penanganan obesitas dengan diet rendah lemak (DRL) dan diet rendah karbohidrat (DRK) sedang marak dibicarakan sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan pengaruh DRL dan DRK terhadap penurunan berat badan pada obesitas dewasa. Penelitian ini diambil dengan metode scoping review dengan sampel artikel internasional dari sumber data Pubmed, Spinger Link dan Proquest dengan jumlah 1092. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, eksklusi dan kelayakan menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist berjumlah dua artikel. Hasil dari kedua artikel menunjukan DRL dapat menurunkan berat badan pada obesitas dewasa tetapi membutuhkan waktu lebih lama dan DRK dapat menurunkan berat badan pada obesitas dewasa lebih cepat dan signifikan. Hasil dari perbandingan DRL dan DRK terhadap penurunan berat badan pada obesitas dewasa, satu artikel menunjukan hasil bahwa DRK lebih signifikan dan cepat dalam menurunkan berat badan dibanding DRL, artikel lainnya menunjukan bahwa perbandingan DRL dan DRK tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam menurunkan berat badan dikarenakan adanya perbedaan pola genotif. Simpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa satu artikel menunjukan hasil yang signifikan dan artikel lainnya menunjukan hasil yang tidak signifikan diantara DRL dan DRK sehingga membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut.

Background: The use of herbs as traditional medicine in Indonesia is increasing, with more than 40% of Indonesia's population utilizing them. White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) is a fungus that has various therapeutic effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cholesterol, and anti-cancer properties. This mushroom contains many active substances in its secondary metabolites which have pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to identify the active compounds in the ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom that will form the extract profile and become the basis for drug development. Methods: The active compound test used High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). Ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom was processed by 70% alcohol maceration, evaporation, and thickening. Results: The results of the HPLC test showed that the ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom contained cinnamic acid and rutin, while the LC-MS test showed the presence of p-coumaric acid, Ascorbic acid, Linoleic acid, 9-Eicosene (E), Niacinamide, Veritric acid, Syringic acid, Ergosterol. Conclusions: Cinnamic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, Ascorbic acid, Linoleic acid, 9-Eicosene (E), Niacinamide, Veratric acid, Syringic acid, and Ergosterol that were detected in the ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom showed that the extract had the potential for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). MTB can inhibit phagolysosomal fusion, so it’s difficult to eliminate, and the BCG vaccine didn’t contain ESAT-6/CFP-10, which caused therapy and immunization couldn’t be optimal in eradicating TB. An immunomodulator is needed to improve the immune system, especially from natural ingredients. A Moringa oleifera plant is known to have immunomodulatory properties because of its nutrients, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins,alkaloids, and steroids. Material and Methods: This study aims to determine the effect of the M. oleifera leaf extract (MLE) on the phagocytic activity of macrophages, ros, no, Ifn-γ, and IL-10 induced by ESAT-6 in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Culture (PBMC) pulmonary TB patients. The research was carried out on PBMC from the blood of six pulmonary TB patients with a post-test-only control group design. The samples were divided into three groups: negative control group, positive control group (induced with ESAT-6), and intervention groups (induced with ESAT-6 and MLE at doses of 1 μg/mL, 2.5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 25 μg/mL). Results: MLE with a dose of 1 μg/mL significantly increased macrophages’ phagocytic activity, ros/no, Ifn-γ, and decreased IL-10 levels (p < 0.05) as compared to the control group, whereas at a dose of ≥ 2.5 μg/mL, it decreased macrophages phagocytic activity, ros/no, Ifn-γ, and increased IL-10 levels. Discussion: These indicate that MLE at a low dose had immunostimulant activity, but at a higher dose showed immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract. Myopia is a refractive disorder due to axial elongation of the eyeball, occurs when the image of a distant object is focused in front of the retina. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology 2021, myopia is marked by blurring of distant objects and clearly visible objects near, according to WHO, in 2019 the prevalence of myopia reached 53% in Asia-Pacific and increased in high school students around 84.89%. This study aims to determine the incidence of myopia in students of SMAN 1 Cibadak, Sukabumi Regency. The sample selection technique for this study used probability sampling, with 92 research subjects. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using an eye examination by a refractionist using an autorefractometer and Snellen chart. The results of this study showed that 65 students (70.4%) had myopia and 27 students (29.3) did not have myopia. The relatively high percentage of myopia associated with students at SMAN 1 Cibadak, Sukabumi Regency, can cause muscle tension, as well as activities that force the eyes to work in a monotonous manner for a long time and at close range, resulting in the eyes continuously accommodating. Keywords: high school students, myopia, refractive error Abstrak. Miopia merupakan kelainan refraksi akibat pemanjangan aksial bola mata, terjadi ketika bayangan benda jauh terfokus di depan retina. Menurut American Academy of Ophthalmology 2021 miopia ditandai  dengan kaburnya objek yang jauh dan objek dekat terlihat dengan jelas, menurut WHO pada tahun 2019 prevalensi miopia mencapai 53% di Asia–pasifik dan meningkat pada siswa SMAN sekitar 84,89%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian miopia pada siswa SMAN 1 Cibadak Kabupaten Sukabumi. Teknik pemilihan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan probability sampling, dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 92 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan pemeriksaan mata oleh refractionist menggunakan autorefractometer dan snellen chart. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan siswa yang mengalami miopia sebanyak 65 orang (70,4%) dan tidak miopia sebanyak 27 orang (29,3). Persentase terjadinya miopia berkaitan dengan siswa SMAN 1 Cibadak Kabupaten Sukabumi yang relatif tinggi dapat menyebabkan ketegangan otot, serta aktivitas memaksa mata untuk bekerja secara monoton dengan waktu yang lama dan jarak yang dekat sehingga berakibat pada mata yang terus menerus berakomodasi. Kata Kunci: kelainan refraksi, miopia, siswa SMA.