When the Ideal is understood as ontologically fundamental within the framework of an idealistic system, and the Real, on the other hand, as derived, then the first and foremost task of a philosophy of this kind is to prove the claimed fundamentally of the Ideal. This is immediately followed by the further demand to also substantiate on this basis the existence of the Real and particularly of natural being. These tasks have been understood and attempts made to solve them in very different ways in German Idealism - about which I cannot go into more detail here. Let me say this much: that Fichte and Schelling, it appears to me, already fail at the first task, ie. neither Fichte nor Schelling really succeeds in substantiating their pretended ideal as an absolute principle of philosophy. Fichte believes he has such a principle in the direct evidence of the self. However, as this is of little use for the foundation of a generally binding philosophy because of its ultimately private character, Fichte already replaces it with the principle of the absolute self already in his first Wissenschaftlehre of 1794. As a construction detached from the concrete self, this of course lacks that original direct certainty from which Fichte started in the first place, in other words: because the construction of an absolute self can no longer refer to direct evidence, it must be substantiated separately, something which Fichte, I believe, nonetheless fails to do. The same criticism can, in my view, be made of Schelling, who ingeniously substitutes constructions for arguments. His early intuition of an absolute identity which simultaneously underlies spirit and nature, remains just as thetic and unproven as that eternal subject on which he based the representation of his system in, for example, the Munich lectures of 1827.
Die hier skizzierte Behandlung des Antinomienproblems, die im Gegensatz zu herk6mmlichen Ans~tzen (Typenregel, strikte Trennung von Objekt-und Metasprache) nich~ restriktiv ist, erSffnet auch fQr das GSdelsche Unvollst~ndigkeitsproblem eine neue Zugangsm6glichkeit. Hier wird transparent, warum bei der Verschmelzung eines formalen Systems mit seiner Metatheorie gewisse unentscheidbare S~tze auftreten mfissen und warum sich dies auf h6heren Metastufen zwingend wiederholt. Andererseits aber kann auch gezeigt werden, da0 dieses Dilemma keineswegs --wie allgemein unterstell£ wird --unausweicklich ist: Es erweist sich als m6glich, zwei Systeme so zu koppeln, dal3 beide wechselseitig als Metatheorie des jeweils anderen zu betrachten sind. Das Resultat ist, dal3 formale Systeme antinomienfrei und, im Sinne dieser ,,Dualisierung", darfiber hinaus als vollst~ndige Systeme aufgebaut werden k6nnen, auch wenn die Teilsysteme selbst unvollst~ndig sind. Ein solches duales Gegenseitigkeitsverh~itnis w~re als formale Representation eines ,,indirekten Selbstbezugs" zu deuten, der zur Folge hat, dab nun auch formale Sprachen ihre eigene Metasprache enthalten k6nnen und damit wie die Umgangssprache reflexiv sind. Gewisse These wie etwa diese: da~ --unter Berufung auf G6delsUnvollst~kndigkeitstheorem --ein ,,kybernefisches Modell des Bewul~tseins" prirmipiell unmSgtich sei, verlieren damit erheblich an Stichhaltigkeit.
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