Aim: Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulation containing copper nanoparticles. Background: Copper, popularly known as “Tamra”, is well known for its use as Bhasma (incinerated powder) in Ayurveda herbal preparations in Indian traditional system of medicine. Further, Trigonella foenum- graecum, Allium sativum, Aloe vera and Phyllanthus niruri leaves are extensively cultivated in all parts of India and are well known to possess antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties. Objective: The objective of present study is to investigate the effect of administration of incinerated copper nanoparticle alone, polyherbal extracts of four herbs alone and combination of incinerated copper nanoparticles-polyherbal extracts on streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Copper nanoparticles were prepared by media milling of incinerated copper powder using combination of Glycyrrhiza glabra and gum acacia as stabilizers. Aqueous extracts of Trigonella foenum seeds, Allium sativum bulbs, Aloe vera and Phyllanthus niruri leaves was prepared. The study was carried out for 28 days after drug administration. Blood glucose levels, body weight, haemoglobin, biochemical parameters of blood and antioxidant levels and histopathological parameters of liver, kidney and pancreas were studied. Results: The study revealed improvement in body weight and reduction in serum glucose level in rats that have been administered polyherbal extracts alone, copper nanoparticles alone and combination of polyherbal extract and copper nanoparticles as compared to those treated with streptozotocin only (diabetic rats). However, the response was found to be significantly less in case of rats of those groups which were given either the extracts alone or nanoparticles alone compared to that in the animals of groups that were administered a combination therapy. Significant improvement in all the responses was observed in rats treated with high doses of copper nanoparticles as compared to those with lower dose. Maximum improvement in body weight and reduction in blood glucose was found in case of rats which were administered with 670 mg/kg polyherbal extract (low dose) + 3.5 mg/kg copper nanoparticles (high dose). This was followed by rats which were given the lower dose of combination therapy. Values of total haemoglobin, triglycerides, HDL, total cholesterol, VLDL, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, serum creatinine content, urea, and antioxidant levels of rats of group IX were almost similar to that of normal rats and glibenclamide treated rats (control). Conclusion: The results from the study clearly indicated protective effect of co-administration of copper nanoparticles and polyherbal extracts for effective treatment of diabetes over copper nanoparticles and polyherbal extracts alone.

Objective: The present work is aimed to formulate Ashwagandha kalpa and evaluate the impact of fermenting agent.Methods: A. kalpa is a marketed patent proprietary Ayurvedic product prepared by adopting the Ayurvedic principles of madya sandhana and it belongs to the class of formulations known as Sandhana kalpana. It is given to the patients suffering from hypertension, insomnia, paralysis, loss of concentration, etc. In the preparation of madya sandhana, the sandhana dravya (fermenting agents) play a key role. The present study was taken up to see the effect of three different sandhana dravya (fermenting agents), i.e., Dhataki pushpa (DAK), Madhuka (MAK), and yeast (YAK) on the formulation characterization of A. kalpa.Results: The prepared samples were tested for their physicochemical parameters, i.e., total solid, pH, specific gravity, sugar content, alcohol content, refractive index, phytochemical screening, quantitative assay for secondary metabolites, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. The findings of phytochemical evaluation, quantitative assay, and HPTLC fingerprint show marked variation among three different prepared samples of A. kalpa. The preliminary phytochemical estimation for the detection of secondary metabolites was done. The study revealed the presence of highest percentage of alkaloids in YAK, tannins in DAK and saponins in YAK. Total solid content was found to the highest in MAK. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, total solid content, refractive index, alcohol content, and specific gravity also showed marked variation. Alcohol content for the DAK and YAK was found same.Conclusion: sandhana dravya (fermenting agent) causes variations in different physicochemical and phytochemical parameters in the formulation and development of A. kalpa.

Background: Urolithiasis (Mutrakricchra) is an age-old disorder which has multi-factorial etiological as well as associated with re-occurrence. It is standout among the most troubling disorders related to urinary tract. Acharya Sushruta, a pioneer in the art of surgery, described the root causes and management of urolithiasis (Mutrakricchra). In present day restorative practice, a lot of the management/treatment choices are available which begins from the utilization of uresis-elevating specialist to dietary or nourishing enhancement consumption. Methodologies created by amalgamating the Ayurvedic principle/concept with current medicinal practice are a promising methodology and even effectively used for the management of urolithiasis (Mutrakricchra). Objective: To prepare a poly herbal formulation and evaluate its potential against Urolithiasis (Mutrakrichra) by In-Vitro technique. Materials and Methods: Trikantakadi kvatha was prepared as per the methodology described in Ayurveda Sar Samgraha. Prepared Trikantakadi kvatha was converted in ghan by evaporating the watery portion and Trikantakadi kvatha ghan vati (TKGV) were prepared by adding excipients in prepared ghan. Various parameters performed for physicochemical and phytochemical characterization of raw material (crude herbs) and prepared tablet dosage form. Results: Physicochemical and phytochemical investigations are not shown any remarkable variations with prepared tablet dosage forms when compared with Trikantakadi kvatha churn. Prepared tablet (TKGV) shows crystal inhibition with passage of time the percentage of crystal inhibition also varied accordingly in the drug concentration (1000 µg/ml) showed the maximum 76.25% crystal inhibition. Conclusion: The prepared dosages forms were not exhibited any remarkable variation during physicochemical, phytochemical and thin-layer chromatography studies. However, the Trikantakadi kvatha ghan vati (TKGV) developed dosage forms are more stable than kvatha (Decoction) and produces promising result against Urolithiasis (Mutrakrichra).

Objective: The present study aimed to prepare Panchaguna taila (PGT) and its development in various dosage forms, i.e. ointment, gel, cream, and physiowax to exemplify the characteristic parameters according to pharmaceutical standards. Methods:PGT is polyherbal medicated oil used externally for treating wounds, cut, and burn and used for massaging in rheumatoid arthritis, muscular pain, sprains, and joints pain. Prepare the decoction using Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Nimba, Sambhalu and prepare paste (kalka) from Madhuchishta, Gandhaphiroja, Shilarasa, Rala, and Guggulu. Mix all the ingredients and heat till watery portion not evaporated from the oil with constant stirring then filter it. Add eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil, and kejoputi oil at the end and stir it well. Prepare various dosage forms like ointment, gel, cream, and physiowax using suitable base for the better and improved therapeutic application. Analytical standards for PGT such as acid value, saponification value, iodine value, and peroxide value were performed, and obtained results were appeared under the prescribed limit of the official monograph. Various physicochemical parameters such as homogeneity, spreadability, pH, and melting point were performed for PGT ointment, PGT gel, PGT cream, and PGT physiowax. Stability study of PGT was done for 3 days under the accelerated conditions. Results:In PGT, various physicochemical parameters were performed on the interval of 24, 48, and 72 hrs, and no significant variation found in their physicochemical properties when observed values were compared. PGT ointment, PGT gel, PGT cream, and PGT physiowax containing PGT as active pharmaceutical ingredient with various suitable excipients and base are easy to formulate and convenient to apply over the affected area. Rf observed between the ranges 0.21 to 0.84 as given in the standard monograph. In PGT, PGT ointment and PGT physiowax, 10 spots were found, and in PGT gel and PGT cream, 7 spots were found. 0.11, 0.15, and 0.34 spots were found in the PGT gel, PGT cream, and PGT physiowax, respectively, that can be given by the excipients or base used for their preparation. Conclusion:It is possible to make other dosage form of PGT which can be more convenient to the customers. Hence, the issues related to the PGT like staining and sticking can be resolved by developing or converting the PGT into various convenient dosages.

Objectives: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of particle size, vessel used, and extraction time in the preparation of Phaltrikadi kwath.Methods: The particle size of Kwath dravya (solute) was cut into the size of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, and coarse powder (pass 60#). The ratios of solvent (water) were 16 times of solute and boiling was done till 1/4th part of the solvent was remain. The provided extraction time was also varied 5.5 to 6 h at temperature range 23C–90°C. Phaltrikadi kwath was prepared as per formula mentioned in “Sharngadhar samhita” Madhyam khand 2/77.Results: Total 15 samples of Phaltrikadi kwath were prepared and analyzed for physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, from obtained value, it was confirmed that extraction procedure with varied particle size significantly affected the yield of active pharmaceutical ingredients in prepared Phaltrikadi kwath. Coarse particle sizes can produce a higher yield. Moreover, a longer extraction time produces a higher yield.Conclusion: Kwath (decoction) prepared by particle size 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm may be more therapeutically effective, as it has total solid content more than 6%, it proves that “Yavakuta” phenomena of Ayurvedic classics.