Background and objectives: Periodontal disease is the most common disease associated with microbial infection with the destruction of supporting structures. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of green tea as a mouthwash in the management of chronic periodontitis in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Patients and methods: A randomized controlled trial on 45 healthy humans with mild to moderate localized chronic periodontitis. They were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups (15 patients each), and they all received scaling and root surface debridement treatments. Group A used prepared green tea 5% as mouth wash for 2 weeks, group B used chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.12% for 2 weeks and group C did not use any mouth wash. Intra-oral clinical examination and blood samples collection were done for all patients for estimating the biochemical parameters C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, Malondialdehyde at baseline and 30 days after periodontal therapy. For statistical analysis, SPSS program was used. Results: The study groups showed significant reduction in clinical periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers after 30 days of periodontal therapy (P<0.001). A significant difference was seen between group A and group B in relation to clinical periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers after periodontal therapy P<0.05, while the difference between group B and group C was non-significant in relation to gingival index, clinical attachment level, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, and Malondialdehyde. Conclusion: Green tea as a mouthwash could be an appropriate and effective choice as an adjunctive measure in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Background: Pomegranate (punicagranatum L, Punicaceae), is an edible fruit consumed around the world. The edible part of pomegranate is rich in compounds that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant; anti-inflammatory and gingival wound healing effects of Punicagrantum L. seed extract oral supplementation in rabbit. Methods and Methods: Forty five male rabbits were divided into 3 groups, base line (5 rabbits) left without buccal gingival wound as( group 1),study group, 20 rabbits (group2) with buccal gingival wound treated with ethanolic extract of Punicagranatum L. seed extract and control, 20 rabbits (group 3) with buccal gingival wound only. Buccal gingival wounds were created on lower right central incisor and sutured removed after (7) days. Blood biopsies by cardiocentesis were collected at times (0, 3h, 1, 3 and 7days) for estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum total proteins, and serum uric acid. Results: The results showed a significant increase in serum Alkaline phosphatase, total proteins and uric acid in all time intervals after buccal gingival wound, in rabbits receiving water, while their levels increased significantly only at time intervals of 3 hours and 1 day after gingival wound, in rabbits receiving pomegranate seed extraction. Conclusions: It has been concluded that oral Supplementation of pomegranate seed extract in rabbits can expedite the rate of healing of gingival wound

Background and aim: Pomegranate is a medicinal herb that can promote healing of periodontal tissue through differentiation of mesenchymal cells both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of oral supplementation of Punicagranatum L. peel extract on bone defect in rabbit. Methods: Forty five male rabbits were divided into 3 groups; group 1; baseline group(5 rabbits) left without bone defect. Group 2; study group (20 rabbits) with bone defect model that received daily 1ml of oral supplementation of pomegranate peel extract (PoPx). Group 3; control group (20 rabbits) with bone defect model that received distilled water. Bone defect was done into facial plate of lower right central incisor. Blood biopsies by cardiocentesis at times (base line, 3h, 1, 3 and 7days) for estimation of serum calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D levels. Results: The results showed a significant increase in serum calcium and phosphorous levels only after 3 hours and 1 day of bone defect, in rabbits receiving water and rabbits receiving pomegranate peel extraction. Serum vitamin D level shows significant increase in all time intervals reaching maximum value after three days in rabbits receiving pomegranate peel extract, while no significant change was observed in rabbits receiving water. Conclusions: Supplementation of pomegranate peel extract can increase vitamin D absorption, thus it may promote the bone healing process.

Background: Considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of green tea, this study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effect of the sulcular irrigation of green tea extract in the treatment of experimental gingivitis in rabbit. Materials and methods: For this experimental study, 45 male rabbits, separated in two groups, control non- irrigated group (5rabbits) and study group (40 rabbits), gingivitis induced by ligatures was packed subgingivally in the lower right central incisors of the experimental group for seven days. Then, the animals were randomly designated to two irrigated groups (20 rabbits for each) with 50µl/kg of distilled water and 5% green tea extract once daily for seven days starting from the day of ligature removal respectively. Specimens have taken at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days for light microscopical evaluation of inflammatory cellular infiltration. Results: Regarding study group (5% of green tea extract), results demonstrated a significant reduction in the mean values of inflammatory cell counts within three days (P≤ 0.05) to reach the amount of control group within seven days (P˃ 0.05). A highly significant difference was detected between control group and study group sprayed with distilled water during all healing periods (P≤ 0.05). Histological examination showed that the resolution of gingival inflammation, re-epithelization, and tissue healing were achieved much quicker in the group of gingival sulcular irrigation with 5% green tea extract. Conclusions: In this experimental study, the histopathological analysis demonstrated that the use of 5% extract of green tea as gingival sulcular irrigation might fasten healing after the induction of gingivitis. Keywords: green tea, animal model, gingival sulcular irrigation, experimental gingivitis.