III Modelos de determinação não-destrutiva da área foliar em girassol
*Resumo -O efeito da temperatura do ar sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas pode ser representado usando-se o método da soma térmica. Para o cálculo da soma térmica é necessário conhecer-se a temperatura base, abaixo da qual o desenvolvimento não acontece ou acontece a uma taxa desprezível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a temperatura base para emissão de nós, bem como comparar as datas de cultivo para a variável plastocrono para a cultura da melancia. Três experimentos em campo foram conduzidos em Santa Maria, RS, com oito datas de semeadura durante os anos Crimson Sweet" aleatorizado em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições por época. O número de nós acumulados na haste principal (NN) da melancieira foi observado em três plantas por parcela, três vezes por semana. O plastocrono foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão entre NN e soma térmica acumulada. A temperatura base estimada usando a metodologia do menor valor de Quadrado Médio do Erro (QME) foi de 7,0 °C. O plastocrono em melancieira não diferiu entre as datas de plantio nos três anos agrícolas, sendo em média 23,4 ºC dia nó -1. A implicação para a modelagem é que um único valor de plastocrono pode ser usado para estimar a emissão de nós da cultivar "Crimson Sweet", independente da data de semeadura. Palavras-chave -Citrullus lanatus. Desenvolvimento vegetativo. Soma térmica.Abstract -The air temperature effect on plant development can be represented using the thermal time approach. In order to calculate the thermal time, the base temperature, below when development stops or takes place at very low rates, is needed. This work was carried out to estimate the base temperature for node appearance and compared dates for cultivation for variable plastochron in watermelon crop. Three field experiments were conducted in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with eight sowing dates during the 2006-2007 growing season (05/09/2006 and 21/09/2006), 2008/2009 (20/09/2008, 06/10/2008, and 20/10/2008) and 2009/2010 (20/09/2009, 21/10/2009, and 30/11/2009). The cultivar "Crimpson Sweet" was used in a randomized block design with four replications per sowing dates. The accumulated number of nodes on the main stem (NN) of watermelon was observed in three plants, three times a week. Plastochron was estimated by the inverse of the slope in the linear regression of NN against accumulated thermal time. The temperature base estimated using the least Mean Square Error (MSE) approach was 7.0 °C. The plastochron in watermelon was not different among sowing dates during the three growing seasons, with an average of 23.4 ºC day node -1 . From a modeling perspective, the implications of these results are that a single plastochron value can be used to simulate node appearance of the "Crimpson Sweet" cultivar, regardless of the sowing date.
Filocrono, área foliar e produtividade de frutos de berinjela conduzidas com uma e duas hastes por planta em estufa plástica
The temporal (seasonal) pattern of dryland pasture and stock production from four cocksfoot based pastures (mixed with balansa, Caucasian, subterranean or white clover), a ryegrass/white clover pasture and a pure lucerne crop were compared over 2 years (2004/05 and 2005/ 06). Subterranean clover with cocksfoot provided high legume content pasture giving higher stock production than other pasture mixtures from August to October. This complemented the high yields and stock production provided by lucerne from mid September to January in 2004/05. However, a dry winter followed by spring snow resulted in lucerne production similar to other pastures in 2005/06. Cocksfoot based pastures provided more maintenance feed than perennial ryegrass during a dry summer (2005/06) but ryegrass/white clover provided higher stock production in wet summer conditions (2004/ 05). These results suggest a range of pasture species are necessary to cope with the seasonal climate variability typically experienced in dryland farm systems. Keywords: balansa clover, Caucasian clover, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa, pasture growth rates, ryegrass, sheep production, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium michelianum, Trifolium repens, Trifolium subterraneum, white clover
This paper explores different models of non-destructive leaf area estimates for Solanum melongela L. by the measure of leaf length (C) and blade width (L). The methodology involved eggplant cultivation in the greenhouse from March to June. Plant leaves were sampled at random throughout the growing season, totalizing 186 leaves, of which 98 were used to estimate the model parameters and 88 were used for model validation. The samples covered wide spectrum of leaf dimensions, in order to minimize root mean square error (RMSE). Leaves were sampled at 71, 79, 81, 85, 92 and 99 days after transplanting. The highest possible numbers of leaf discs were obtained with a 25mm auger. Correlations were computed between the leaf area obtained by the discs method and the linear dimensions of L and C, the product of both (CL) and the square length multiplied by the width (C Estimativa da área foliar da berinjela em função das dimensões foliares ResumoEste trabalho explora diferentes modelos não destrutivos de estimativa da área foliar de Solanum melongela L. através de medidas do comprimento (C) e largura (L) do limbo foliar. Para tanto, um cultivo de berinjela em estufa plástica foi conduzido no período de março a junho de 2007. Amostraram-se folhas de plantas em momentos aleatórios totalizando 186 folhas, sendo 98 utilizadas na estimativa dos parâmetros dos modelos e 88 para sua validação. As amostragens abrangeram amplo espectro de dimensões foliares, visando minimizar a raiz do quadrado médio do erro (RQME) ) apresentaram melhores estimativas, com R 2 de 0,964 para ambos e RQME de 33,2 e 34,4, respectivamente. Com a medida apenas de uma dimensão foliar, o modelo quadrático (Y = -63,5+10,492L+0,2822L 2 ; R 2 = 0,937; RQME = 44,1) apresenta-se como alternativa, pouco afetando a precisão da estimativa..Palavras-chave: Solanum melongela L., índice de área foliar, modelagem.
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