Aims and Objective: Many diseases have a high prevalence in India, accounting for one-fourth of the Tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world. In our study, we aimed to find the prevalence of Pre XDR-TB and XDR-TB amongst newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary MDR-TB who had never been previously treated with second-line drugs. A prospective study was conducted in Culture and Drug susceptibility testing laboratory, Jamnagar and its associated Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) centre. Materials and Methods: Baseline second-line liquid culture DST has been recently integrated with the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) diagnostic algorithm. We included 500 patients who were diagnosed in cases of pulmonary MDR-TB never exposed to second-line Gavali et al.; JAMB, 19(2): 1-9, 2019; Article no.JAMB.51353 2 TB-Drugs. Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube method conducted in an RNTCP accredited Culture and Drug susceptibility testing laboratory, Jamnagar, as part of the evaluation in the public healthcare system from where patients were referred for diagnosis to us. Results: 585 MDR suspected sputum samples were received, 466 sputum samples were showing culture positive for acid-fast bacilli which were screened against second-line drug susceptibility testing by using of BACTEC MGIT 960 (MGIT 960) instrument. About 293 Mycobacterium samples were MDR-TB, 151 were Pre-XDR TB and 22 were XDR-TB. Conclusion: The prevalence of Pre XDR-TB and XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients were 32.4% and 4.7% respectively. The high prevalence of Pre XDR-TB (FQ) is alarming and of concern in the management of MDR-TB control in Jamnagar area. Original Research Article

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2019 – Coronavirus diseases caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In Gujarat, COVID-19’s first two cases were confirmed in Rajkot and Surat on 19th March 2020. In India to prevent COVID-19 cases from being: “test, track and treat”: For testing, RT-PCR is the gold standard test or frontline testing for the Coronavirus. The most prominent cause of infection in health care workers due to they were directly exposed to unrecognized COVID-19 patients. To determine the Infection rate and also assess the clinical profile of COVID-19 infections in health care workers. Sample collected from 2081 health care workers by universal sampling method during the period from April 2020 to November 2020. Nasopharyngeal and Oro-pharyngeal swabs were collected at the collection center and tested at the Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL), by RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) Method. During the study period, there were 2081 suspected healthcare workers samples received from 70 Health care workers were positive. We observed 3.36 % Positivity rate, positivity was high in the age group of 20–30 years 64.2%, most common clinical presentation was a fever 82.8%, cough 47.1% and Sore throat 50% and 01 severely infected health care worker died during hospitalization. Health care workers were at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. So, to protect health care workers routine screening of asymptomatic staff and early identification of staff with potential infection could help to lower the risk. COVID-19 mortality was lower in health care workers.

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Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease which may cause diabetic foot ulcer, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, it may also lead to foot amputation due to gangrene, and may cause cellulitis, abscess etc.To study prevalence of candidiasis in diabetic foot ulcer in a tertiary care centre, Jamnagar.32(10.66%) isolates that were recovered from wound discharge samples (300 samples tested) from November 2017 to September 2018. All isolates were visualized under direct microscopy, cultured, & sugar assimilation tests were performed.Amongst 300 samples 32(10.66%) were positive for fungal culture, in which major isolates was C. albicans (50%), C. tropicalis (18.75%), C. dubliniensis (9.37%), C.krusei (9.37%), C. glabrata (6.25%), C. parapsilosis (6.25%).This study shows that in Diabetic foot ulcer most common fungal pathogens were C. Albicans, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, etc. Early identification of organism can help in early treatment and early recovery.