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The enormous capability of microalgae for biomass production and co-products has recently been widely researched from a range of research approaches. Microalgae biomass has been discovered as a suitable feedstock for biofuel generation in the third generation. Although they may easily be cultivated in the laboratory, commercial cultivation involves several important considerations, including design, expense, contamination risk, and hygiene. This paper reviews some conventional microalgal cultivation methods along with some harvesting techniques. A short note on the disadvantages of conventional microalgal biofilm cultivation and the need for advanced cultivation techniques are also listed. Further, it highlights some of the modern techniques used for the cultivation of biofilm-based microalgae. It also gives brief information on the various factors affecting the formation of microalgal biofilm. A detailed description of the application of microalgal biofilm concerning biofuel generation is also reviewed. Graphical abstract

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