This thesis to find out thypes of fractures due to osteoporosis, complementary examination to diagnose osteoporosis, and treatment of osteoporosis general. The contents of thus thesis aimed to reduce the occurrence of fracture due to osteoporosis. Metods used in this thesis is the collection of reference materials and data on fracture due to osteoporosis from text book journals, magazines, and the internet. The result obtained it is influenced by the hormone estrogen. The number of women threatened Indonesia’s increasing osteoporosis caused by such as smoking, alcohol consumption, anda long term use of steroid. Thus knowledge and information about age prematurely. Avidly consume foods high in calcium such as milk and processed milk products, expand activity, often basking in the morning, avoid smoking, as well as avoid consumption of alcoholic beverages Keywords: fracture, osteoporosis, women, calsium, life style. Abstrak: Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis fraktur akibat osteoporosis, pemeriksaan penunjang untuk mendiagnosis osteoporosis, dan penanganan osteoporosis secara umum. Isi dari skripsi ini ditujukan untuk mengurangi terjadinya fraktur akibat osteoporosis. Metode yang digunakaan dalam skripsi ini yaitu pengumpulan bahan-bahan acuan dan data tentang fraktur akibat osteoporosis yang berasal dari buku teks, jurnal, internet, maupun majalah. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa osteoporosis merupakan penyakit wanita dibanding pria karena dipengaruhi oleh hormon estrogen. Jumlah wanita yang terancam osteoporosis di Indonesia semakin meningkat yang disebabkan karena kurangnya asupan kalsium dan perubahan gaya hidup seperti merokok, konsumsi alkohol, dan penggunaan steroid jangka panjang. Dengan demikian, pengetahuan dan informasi tentang osteoporosis sangat penting sebagai upaya pencegahan bagi wanita usia dini. Rajin mengkonsumsi makanan berkalsium tinggi seperti susu dan produk olahan susu lainnya, perbanyak aktivitas, sering berjemur di pagi hari, hindari rokok, serta hindari konsumsi minuman beralkohol. Kata kunci: fraktur, osteoporosis, wanita, kalsium, gaya hidup
Skin incision is usually performed by using a scalpel. It is assumed that electrocautery knife, a more recent alternative, can increase the risk of infection, impair healing, and result in poor cosmetic scar. This study was aimed to compare the healing process of incision wounds performed by using sclapels and electrocautery knives assessed with Vancouver Scar Score (VSS) at three months after operation. This was an experimental study. Subjects were 17 male patients, aged 18-55 years old, with elective operation (categorized as clean wound operation) from March through June 2016 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Each incision was performed with a scalpel first (Group A) and continued with an electrocautery knife (Group B). After 3 months of operation, the wound scars were assessed with VSS. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed no significant difference between the VSS of the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in wound healing of incised wounds performed by using scalpels and by using electrocautery knives.Keywords: VSS, electrocautery, wound healing, scarAbstrak: Insisi kulit biasanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan pisau bedah. Peralatan elektrokauter merupakan alternatif baru yang dianggap meningkatkan risiko infeksi, memperlambat penyembuhan, dengan hasil secara kosmetik yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan proses penyembuhan dari luka insisi menggunakan pisau bedah dan pisau elektrokauter yang dinilai dengan Vancouver Scar Score (VSS) pada operasi dengan luka bersih. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental. Penelitian dilakukan selama periode Maret 2016 s/d Juni 2016 pada 17 orang pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berusia 18-55 tahun yang memerlukan operasi elektif di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan dikategorikan operasi dengan luka bersih. Setiap insisi selalu dilakukan terlebih dahulu dengan pisau bedah (kelompok A) dan sisanya dilakukan dengan pisau elektrokauter (kelompok B), kemudian luka dinilai dengan VSS setelah 3 bulan kemudian. Hasil uji Wilcoxon signed ranks terhadap hasil VSS saat 3 bulan setelah operasi memperlihatkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara hasil perlakuan A dan B (P > 0,05). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam penyembuhan dari kedua bagian luka insisi yang menggunakan pisau bedah dan pisau elektrokauter pada operasi dengan luka bersih.Kata kunci: VSS, elektrokauter, penyembuhan luka, jaringan parut
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan terapi oksigen hiperbarik (TOHB) dan interleukin (IL) -6 terhadap penyembuhan luka setelah dilakukan operasi pada fraktur tibia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan randomized controlled trial yang membandingkan pasien dengan TOHB dan kontrol (tanpa TOHB). Semua pasien menjalani operasi reduksi terbuka dan fiksasi internal. Pasien dengan TOHB akan mendapatkan terapi oksigen hiperbarik. Luka operasi dan kadar IL-6 dievaluasi dua minggu pasca operasi untuk melihat ada tidaknya dehisensi. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kadar faktor inflamasi jauh lebih rendah pada kelompok TOHB dibanding kontrol (31,1 vs 38,4 pg/mL; p = 0,003). Kadar IL-6 secara keseluruhan turun menjadi 20 pg/mL setelah terapi, dimana kelompok TOHB memiliki kadar IL-6 yang jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol (median 16,4 vs 35,4 pg/mL; p < 0,001). Pemberian oksigen hiperbarik berperan terhadap rerata penurunan IL-6 sebesar 11,07 pg/mL (IK 95% 7,80- 14,34 pg/mL; p <0,001) lebih tinggi pada mereka yang menerima terapi tersebut dibandingkan kontrol. Simpulan: TOHB dapat mencegah terjadinya dehisensi luka dengan mengurangi edema yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar IL-6.
Defects in long bones including tibia are still difficult problems in orthopaedic field for both the physician and the patient. We reported a case of a 56-year-old woman who came to the hospital with the chief complaint of being unable to walk since she was nine years old after getting a motorcycle accident. The patient complained that her leg did not grow since then. The patient was fully conscious and hemodynamically stable. Physical examination revealed that there was a deformity of the left lower leg with shortening of the lower leg and absence of the tibial bone. The patient was diagnosed with left tibia bone defect, therefore, above-the-knee amputation was performed. The amputation must be viewed as an opportunity to re-establish or enhance the patient’s functional level and facilitate a return to near normal locomotion using a prosthesis after amputation. Soft tissue and muscle quality, bone condition, neurovascular conditions and function of the limb can be considered in the selection of therapy in bone defect. The level of amputation can be determined by assessing the bone condition, neurovascular condition, and the ability of muscle and skin flaps to close the wound. In conclusion, amputation can be the treatment of choice for patient with bone defect. Improving lower limb function is proven to maximize the patient quality of life. Keywords: bone defect tibia; above-the-knee amputation; transfemoral amputation
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