Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread zoonotic disease in the world. Animals may transmit Brucella organisms during septic abortion, during slaughter, and through their milk. Brucellosis is rarely transmitted from person to person. The incidence of brucellosis in human is closely tied to the prevalence of infection in animals, and to practices that allow exposure of humans to potentially infected animals or their products. B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, and marine mammal Brucella species are human pathogens. Brucellae can enter mammalian hosts through skin abrasions or cuts, the conjunctiva, the respiratory tract, and the gastrointestinal tract. Bison, elk, reindeer and caribou can be infected with Brucella spp., but their role in transmission of the infections to livestock remains under debate. The uncomplicated cases should be treated with doxycycline, streptomycin and rifampicin. Mass vaccination is crucial for the control and eradication of bovine, ovine and caprine brucellosis. Complementary measures that may need to consideration like improved farm hygiene, restriction and control of trade and movement of animals, testing of animals and isolation and removal of infected animals.

No abstract

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been reported to improve sperm quality, primarily by enhancing sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. In this study, crossbred (75% LWY x 25% Zovawk) boars' semen samples were collected and diluted with GEPS extender containing different concentration (control, 5, 10 and 15%) of BSA at 24 hours of preservation and recorded for sperm motility, per cent live sperm, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. The results showed that supplementation of BSA showed significantly (P<0.01) higher in sperm parameters compared to control. Interestingly we have found that 10% BSA level group was significantly (P<0.01) higher sperm motility, per cent live sperm, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity which was followed by 5% BSA, 15% BSA and control group at 24 hours of preservation at 17°C. Taken together these results suggested that BSA had a positive role in the regulation of crossbred (75% LWY x 25% Zovawk) boar sperm quality.