The article proposes the solution of the problem of cognitive modeling in the form of a linguistic personality type - a typed language personality whose behavior and whose value orientations significantly influence the linguistic culture as a whole and which are indicators of the ethnic and social identity of the society. A technique for modeling linguistic personality types with illustrative material is proposed. The study of linguistic personality types promotes a better understanding of the features of linguistic consciousness and communicative behavior of representatives of different societies, and, as a result, it allows optimizing the process of intercultural communication.

The article examines the systemic features of the subgenre of “chain letters” – “Advance-fee scam”, which meets the criteria of anonymity, surprise and manipulativeness. The nomination “Advance-fee scam” was fixed for this type of letter thanks to their authors, financial scammers offering the recipients of letters fraudulent financial transactions with the aim of subsequently extorting money. The work revealed that the senders of the advance-fee scam are identified based on the similarity of general features, characteristics and behavior patterns, as a result of which they can be attributed to typified individuals. In the course of the research, the conceptual, figurative and value characteristics of the “financial scammer” type are highlighted. At the conceptual level, the lexeme “scammer” has a rich synonymic range, characterized by expressiveness and negative connotations. The figurative characteristic is determined by the type of male or female at the age of 30 years old. To determine the value attributes of the typed identity of the fraudster, a survey was carried out, which made it possible to identify the attitude of the carriers of today’s linguistic culture to the linguistic personality of the financial scammer studied in the article. In addition, the article notes that the main strategy of fraudsters determines their communicative behavior, in which a series of different verbal means are used to achieve the goal - to obtain material benefits through deception. The material of the study was a collection of authentic chain letters in Russian, English and French, received by the authors in the period from May 2020.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the objective necessity to describe the vertical of the French language policy. The aim of the study is to identify specifics of formation and development of the modern language policy vertical in France. As material of the research, the data obtained during the analysis of legal documents concerning language policy of France, texts from modern French periodicals, fiction, media texts in the Internet, as well as the answers of the French respondents have been used. The overall corpus obtained by the continuous sampling method on the base of the French fiction comprises 3000 culturally marked names. The methods of the study include general scientific hypothetico-deductive method, introspection, contextual analysis, conceptual analysis, interpretive analysis, semantic analysis, questionnaire, elements of the quantitative analysis. In the research, general scientific methods of the analysis and synthesis, generalization and extrapolation of the findings to more wide range of phenomena were also used. The ways of analysis are useful for development of communication theory, psycho-and sociolinguistics, cultural linguistics, comparative linguistics. In the article, the concept "language policy" is defined, the main stages of language policy in France are revealed, kinds of the language policy in France are determined (retrospective, promising, constructive, destructive, centralized and non-centralized language policy). It is claimed that there are many institutions in France, whose activities are aimed at developing prescriptions on the use of the French language. In the article the main criteria of classification of prescriptions are revealed, the main prescriptions of the language policy in France are identify, and the three-level vertical of the French language policy is described and analyzed.

It is considered the origin of slang expressions, which, being the subject of linguistic study, represent one of the basic characteristics of a spoken language that is not reflected in common dictionaries. The linguistic ways of the emergence of Spanish marine slang are established, which include derivation and collocation. The slang words and expressions that appeared in the discourse of Spanish sailors due to borrowings from other languages, including the English language, are identified and described. A classification of peripheral vocabulary functioning in the Spanish marine discourse is proposed. Examples of stylistically neutral vocabulary and its emotionally colored equivalents related to the Spanish marine discourse are given.

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