Abstract-This article is aimed at investigation of the principle of "understanding" within linguistic reflection. Understanding is connected with interpretation of the context and knowledge of the interpreter, which is socially determined. Expediency of the discourse approach to studying the principle of text "understanding" is set and peculiarities of understanding in different types of discourse are shown. It is established that the cognition refers to psychic phenomenon and represents a method of social and humanitarian understanding and an integral component of social life, practical skill connected with social life. Understanding discourse is based on two constituent partstext's properties and specifics of linguistic personality. Understanding is also viewed from the point of view of its fullness (complete understanding and incomplete understanding). In the article, factors determining the possibility and effectiveness of speech influence are revealed: linguistic and extralinguistic (semiotic, social, cognitive, psychological) factors.

The article deals with the characteristics of religious discourse and peculiarities of religious consciousness; it is noted that religion and religious consciousness influence many constituents of culture and as a result of such influence religious philosophy, religious morality, religious art arise. Religious principle forms the basis of any culture. Main features and levels of religious consciousness realization are considered in the article. A large number of lexical units having religious origin and functioning in the language are evidence of the impact of religion on the culture formation. The impact of religion on the formation of culture is also manifested in common features of the normative base of a particular religion and culture in which it functions and the basis of which it forms.

Questions of globalization process which influence various aspects of human life are considered in the article. Destruction of cultures and cultural values act as a result of this process. Destruction of family values is an important problem in the modern world. Religion presents a restraining mechanism of such destruction. Islam turned out to be the strongest in the ability to confront new tendencies which allowed to preserve and strengthen the family institute in Muslim countries. Christianity couldn't totally avoid the process of destruction of family values (in spite of some recent attempts to improve traditional institute of the family). Buddhism does not pay particular attention to the institute of the family and corrects ethical and moral behavior of a person through other religious mechanisms.

The article examines the systemic features of the subgenre of “chain letters” – “Advance-fee scam”, which meets the criteria of anonymity, surprise and manipulativeness. The nomination “Advance-fee scam” was fixed for this type of letter thanks to their authors, financial scammers offering the recipients of letters fraudulent financial transactions with the aim of subsequently extorting money. The work revealed that the senders of the advance-fee scam are identified based on the similarity of general features, characteristics and behavior patterns, as a result of which they can be attributed to typified individuals. In the course of the research, the conceptual, figurative and value characteristics of the “financial scammer” type are highlighted. At the conceptual level, the lexeme “scammer” has a rich synonymic range, characterized by expressiveness and negative connotations. The figurative characteristic is determined by the type of male or female at the age of 30 years old. To determine the value attributes of the typed identity of the fraudster, a survey was carried out, which made it possible to identify the attitude of the carriers of today’s linguistic culture to the linguistic personality of the financial scammer studied in the article. In addition, the article notes that the main strategy of fraudsters determines their communicative behavior, in which a series of different verbal means are used to achieve the goal - to obtain material benefits through deception. The material of the study was a collection of authentic chain letters in Russian, English and French, received by the authors in the period from May 2020.

The article proposes the solution of the problem of cognitive modeling in the form of a linguistic personality type - a typed language personality whose behavior and whose value orientations significantly influence the linguistic culture as a whole and which are indicators of the ethnic and social identity of the society. A technique for modeling linguistic personality types with illustrative material is proposed. The study of linguistic personality types promotes a better understanding of the features of linguistic consciousness and communicative behavior of representatives of different societies, and, as a result, it allows optimizing the process of intercultural communication.