Abstract-This article is aimed at investigation of the principle of "understanding" within linguistic reflection. Understanding is connected with interpretation of the context and knowledge of the interpreter, which is socially determined. Expediency of the discourse approach to studying the principle of text "understanding" is set and peculiarities of understanding in different types of discourse are shown. It is established that the cognition refers to psychic phenomenon and represents a method of social and humanitarian understanding and an integral component of social life, practical skill connected with social life. Understanding discourse is based on two constituent partstext's properties and specifics of linguistic personality. Understanding is also viewed from the point of view of its fullness (complete understanding and incomplete understanding). In the article, factors determining the possibility and effectiveness of speech influence are revealed: linguistic and extralinguistic (semiotic, social, cognitive, psychological) factors.

The article deals with the characteristics of religious discourse and peculiarities of religious consciousness; it is noted that religion and religious consciousness influence many constituents of culture and as a result of such influence religious philosophy, religious morality, religious art arise. Religious principle forms the basis of any culture. Main features and levels of religious consciousness realization are considered in the article. A large number of lexical units having religious origin and functioning in the language are evidence of the impact of religion on the culture formation. The impact of religion on the formation of culture is also manifested in common features of the normative base of a particular religion and culture in which it functions and the basis of which it forms.

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The article is devoted to the investigation of religious values development and transformation at the modern stage of society's development. The functioning of values is the influence of the latter on human activity, human behavior, on social life and on the development of culture. Religious values are the most fundamental part of any culture and society and don't change quickly. The change of values is a long process which is determined by social factors and culture of society. Values of Christianity, Islam and Buddhism show different degrees of transformation. Values of Islam turn out to be the most stable in comparison to other religions.

Questions of globalization process which influence various aspects of human life are considered in the article. Destruction of cultures and cultural values act as a result of this process. Destruction of family values is an important problem in the modern world. Religion presents a restraining mechanism of such destruction. Islam turned out to be the strongest in the ability to confront new tendencies which allowed to preserve and strengthen the family institute in Muslim countries. Christianity couldn't totally avoid the process of destruction of family values (in spite of some recent attempts to improve traditional institute of the family). Buddhism does not pay particular attention to the institute of the family and corrects ethical and moral behavior of a person through other religious mechanisms.