The development and advancement of information and communication technology that penetrates various fields of human life had enormous potential to be used, therefore it was important to integrate thoroughly between technology into the learning process. This study aims to develop a flipbook-based digital as an instructional media that was suitable for the learning activities. This research approach was research and development (RnD) with the ADDIE as a development model which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. However, this research only focuses on knowing the feasibility level of the flipbook. The subjects of this study were media experts (2 people), material experts (2 people), subject teachers (4 people), and 44 high school class XI Science students. The research instrument used a Likert scale of 1 - 5 to find out the opinions of each validator of the flipbook as instructional media. The results of assessment from each validator will be analyzed descriptively using a percentage to determine the level of feasibility. The results showed that the flipbook-based digital media was included in the category of "feasible" to be used as an instructional learning media for biology class in high school, this was indicated by the results of the validation by each of the validators who obtained a “feasible” result.

Model pembelajaran flipped classroom merupakan pembalikan prosedur pembelajaran tradisional, di mana yang biasanya dilakukan di kelas dalam pembelajaran tradisional menjadi dilaksanakan di rumah dalam flipped classroom. Selama pandemi Covid-19, banyak sekolah dasar menyelenggarakan pembelajaran menggunakan model tersebut. Namun demikian, persepsi guru, orang tua, dan siswa belum terungkap secara baik terkait model pembelajaran ini. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi guru, orang tua, dan siswa terkait dengan pembelajaran daring menggunakan model flipped classroom selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pedoman wawancara yang telah divalidasi menggunakan prosedur expert judgement. Wawancara diajukan kepada subjek, yang meliputi: guru, orang tua dan siswa di SDN Margoyasan (3 guru, 3 orang tua, dan 2 siswa), SD Tukangan (2 guru, 2 orang tua, dan 2 siswa), SDN Puro Pakualaman (4 guru, 4 orang tua, dan 2 siswa), dan SD Islamiyah Pakualaman (3 guru, 3 orang tua, dan 2 siswa). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk menegaskan temuan-temuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi guru, orang tua, dan siswa terhadap pembelajaran daring menggunakan metode flipped classroom sangat menunjang proses pembelajaran siswa selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Meski begitu, selain ditemukannya persepsi positif subjek, ditemukan pula hambatan-hambatan teknis sehubungan dengan kurangnya fasilitas individual yang dimiliki siswa. Perceptions of Implementing Flipped Classroom in Primary Schools during the Covid-19 Pandemic The flipped classroom learning model is a reversal of traditional learning procedures, where what is usually done in class in traditional learning is carried out at home in a flipped classroom. During the current Covid-19 pandemic, many elementary schools are holding lessons using this model. However, the perceptions of teachers, parents, and students have not been well disclosed regarding this learning model. Therefore, this research aims to determine the perceptions of teachers, parents, and students regarding online learning using the flipped classroom model during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method applied in this study uses a qualitative approach. The instrument used in this study was an interview guide that was validated using expert judgment procedures. Interviews were then submitted to the subjects, which included: teachers, parents, and students at SDN Margoyasan (3 teachers, 3 parents, and 2 students), Tukangan Elementary School (2 teachers, 2 parents, and 2 students), SDN Puro Pakualaman (4 teachers, 4 parents and 2 students), and SD Islamiyah Pakualaman (3 teachers, 3 parents, and 2 students). The collected data were analyzed qualitatively to confirm the research findings. The results showed that the perceptions of teachers, parents, and students towards online learning using the flipped classroom method greatly supported the student learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. Even so, apart from finding positive perceptions of the subject, technical obstacles were also found due to the lack of individual facilities owned by students.

This research on the behavior of people doing acts of his household on the lanting (floating house) and the factors surrounding the community in the use of as an Shower, Wash, and Toilet (MCK) River in the area of Neighborhood Association (RT) 01 Citizens Association (RW) XVII Siswondo Parman (S. Parman) Down the city, Palangka Raya. Type of research is qualitative, subject consists of chairman RT 01, public figures, and residents of the floating house in the safety precautions RT 01 RW XVII S. Parman Down the city Palangka Raya. The data collection techniques in this study use interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques used are reduction, data presentation then conclusions. The research showed that floating in safety precautions S. Parman Down RT 01 Kahayan River amounted to ± 80 households and community in the Kahayan River doing Shower, Wash, and Toilet (MCK) activity is accustomed to even become a daily culture of society. Therefore, it is necessary for the role of the local government and the health office to conduct an outreach related to the impact that occurred if the river water as a means of Shower, Wash, and Toilet (MCK) in S. Parman Down RT 01 RW XVII Palangka Raya remains in use.Penelitian ini mengenai perilaku masyarakat yang melakukan kegiatan rumah tangganya di atas lanting (rumah terapung) dan faktor-faktor yang ada di sekitar masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan sebagai Mandi, Cuci, dan Kakus (MCK) Sungai di wilayah Rukun Tetangga (RT) 01 RW XVII Siswondo Parman (S. Parman) bawah kota, Palangka Raya. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif, subjek terdiri dari ketua RT 01, tokoh masyarakat, dan penghuni rumah terapung di RT 01 RW XVII S. Parman Bawah Kota Palangka Raya. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi, penyajian data kemudian penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan terapung di S. Parman Down RT 01 Sungai Kahayan berjumlah ± 80 KK dan masyarakat di Sungai Kahayan yang melakukan kegiatan Mandi, Cuci, dan WC (MCK) sudah menjadi kebiasaan bahkan menjadi budaya sehari-hari masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, perlu peran pemerintah daerah dan dinas kesehatan untuk melakukan sosialisasi terkait dampak yang terjadi jika air sungai sebagai sarana Mandi, Cuci, dan Kakus (MCK) di S. Parman Down RT 01 RW XVII Palangka Raya tetap digunakan.

The objective of this study is to develop the learning abilities of elementary school students during the Covid-19 pandemic by establishing cooperative relationships between teachers and parents. The research design are exploratory case studies, data collection instruments with semi-structured interview methods, and Focused group Discussion (FGD). The results of the research on the impact of Covid-19 showed that online learning are not effective compared to face-to-face learning in the classroom, the obstacles in online learning including unstable networks, and lack of parents’ ability to help explaining the material provided by the teacher. Good cooperation and communication between parents and teachers are the solution to optimize study from home.

According to some studies on school student, the application of the STAD method in some subject can improve critical thinking ability. However, according to other studies, STAD in some subject for school students cannot improve critical thinking ability. This study, hence, aims to discover the impact of the application of STAD in improving critical thinking ability, especially in mathematics course for university students. The experiment was carried out in a quasi-experimental design, especially the pretest-posttest non-equivalent group type. The findings of this study indicate that the application of STAD in mathematics learning can improve critical thinking ability. The advantages of using STAD can be seen from the increase in critical thinking ability, both abilities in the low, medium, and high categories. This study also confirms the findings of other studies that the application of cooperative and problem-based learning methods is effective in improving critical thinking ability. However, in contrast to other studies that reveal the benefits of STAD can be obtained after a long time of application (9 weeks - 8 months), this study shows that the benefits of STAD can be obtained in a relatively short time. This occurs because the treatment in the experimental class meets the criteria set by the experts, and uses three important structures proposed by experts, too. This research, therefore, has implications for the need to use problem-based cooperative learning methods.