This paper deals with several aspects of the diachrony of Basque resultative constructions. In present day Basque, resultatives can be used with perfect-like meaning. The goal of this paper has been thus to study the development of the non-resultative uses of resultative constructions. To this end, the diathesis types of resultative and the meanings the construction may convey are studied in a corpus of 17th to 20th century texts. It has been found that in the time span covered by the study, new diathesis types are introduced and two new meanings develop: perfect and experiential.

Lan honetan testu zaharretan lekukotzen diren euskarazko izen osteko erlatiboen diakronia aztertzen da. Helburu nagusia XVI.-XIX. mendeetako testuen corpus bat arakatzea eta bildutako adibideak deskribatzea izan da. Ondorioztatzen da izen osteko erlatiboa ez zela oso noizbehinka eta testu gutxitan agertzen zen bitxikeria, agerpen kopuruagatik bakarrik arreta merezi duen egitura baizik (testu askotan erlatiboen %20 baino gehiago izenaren eskuinean doaz). Hala ere, bariazio handia dago testuetan: dialektoen artean, baina baita hizkeren barruan ere. Egitura horren erabilerari eragiten dioten faktoreen artean hauek dirudite garrantzitsuenak: testu generoa eta testua originala ala itzulpena den.

Lapurtera klasikoa da, seguru asko, xx. mendea baino lehenagoko euskarazko literaturaren agerpenik ezagunena, ezagutza hori oro har azalekoa edo nahi baino azalekoagoa bada ere: xvii. mendearen lehenengo hiruzpalau hamarkadetan Lapurdiko kostaldeko eta barnealdeko idazleak, nolabaiteko homogeneotasuna duen multzo zabalean sailkatu ohi dira. Izendapenak izendapen, sasoi hartako lapurtar idazle gehienek helburu ideologiko eta agindu bertsuei jarraituta prestatu zituzten euren lanak: kontrarreforma katoliko ortodoxoaren mesedetan eta burgesia ekonomikoaren babespean. Euskal literaturaren edozein historia esku artean, erraz ikus daiteke, XVIIi. mendeko egileen loraldia aipatu arren, nolabaiteko mailakatzea egiten dela egileen artean; hain zuzen ere, euskal literaturaren historiografia-lanek norabide bertsuan epaitu izan dituzte lapurtar klasikoak, batzuk ezin gehiago goratuz eta beste batzuk bigarren mailan (oro har, lehenengo mailakoen itzalpean) utziz. Materra eta bere Do(c)trina christiana esandakoaren adibide paregabeak ditugu: aipatu izan da, jakina, Lapurdiko klasikoetan aitzindaria izan zela, eta halako sinpatia batez azaldu izan da euskal literaturaren historian lehenbiziko egile euskaldun berria izan zela.

In this paper we examine the use of the pronominal zein relative construction in Basque and changes it underwent. In particular, we try to explain the development of constructions in which a form of the pronoun is used to relativize all cases. This non-standard construction does not appear in historical canonical texts, but it is common in the 17-19th century texts belonging to the following genres: private letters, administrative letters, administration documents and notarial documents. We analyse the origin of the non-standard construction from the point of view of historical sociolinguistics, and propose that its development was linked, to (a) the knowledge that bilingual writers and scribes had of the writing code and genres, and (b) formulaic language and imperfect imitation which happened between writers.

Conservative Basque dialects distinguish apical and laminal alveolar sibilants in the fricative and affricate series. This paper analyses the changes this system was undergoing in the Central Basque variety of San Sebastián in the 18th century: (1) the “Western merger”: neutralisation of the laminal and apical fricative sibilants in favour of the latter and the neutralisation of the laminal and apical alveolar affricates in favour of the former, which started in Western Basque and spread to some Central varieties, and (2) the “Central merger”, a more recent development, limited to some central dialects, where both fricative and affricate alveolar sibilants are realised as laminals. A generalised linear mixed-effects model was fitted to the data extracted from an early-18th-century manuscript which shows evidence of both patterns of merger. We propose that sibilant mergers were still in progress in the variety and time period under study and that they are interrelated processes. The Western merger started as a phonetically-conditioned sound change due to coarticulation to a following consonant. As this neutralisation extended to other positions, a hypercorrective change was initiated in some Central varieties, which eventually resulted in a mirror-image process, namely a change from apical to laminal fricatives.