In addition to its central role in the organization of gender systems and its numerous effects on different parts of the grammar, animacy reveals itself as a significant, sometimes even determinant factor in diachronic processes like the reduction of morphological complexity. Complexity in the realm of inflection may be defined as the extent to which formal distinctions in paradigms are semantically or phonologically unmotivated and therefore largely unpredictable on extramorphological grounds. Animacy and natural (or sex-based) gender emerge in certain cases as features capable of constraining this kind of complexity by offering a transparent semantic criterion that helps substantiate several formal distinctions in languages, thereby reducing the amount of morphological complexity or unpredictability inherited from earlier stages in the evolution of different linguistic systems.

As pointed out by Corbett (2006, 2012), animacy manifests itself in the grammar of languages in two ways: as a feature and as a condition for the realization of other features. In this work I explore this dual behavior by adding further crosslinguistic evidence. I provide examples affecting number, person, case, and gender, and show that, regarding this distinction, they cannot be analyzed in the same way. Moreover, I examine more closely the relation between these manifestations of animacy and show that they can operate simultaneously not only within the same language but also in the same phenomenon. For these cases, I establish a hierarchy between them that can be crossed with the equally hierarchical relation between the animate/inanimate and the human/nonhuman distinction.

No abstract

F. Maiorak 2011n Reino de Navarra. Euskera: injurias, coplas, frases [Nafarroako Erresuma. Euskara: Irainak, koplak, esaldiak] liburua karrikaratu zuen. Nafarroako Artxibo Orokorrean han-hemenka aurkitutako euskal testu zaharren bilduma honek berebiziko garrantzia du euskararen iraganaren ikerketarako, alde batetik garai eta toki askotako lekukotasun zaharrak biltzen baititu, eta bestetik bertan jasotzen den euskara ahozko moldetik hurbil baitago; zeinahi literatur kutsutik at. Baina argitalpenaren hedatze mugatuak, testuen irakurketa oker edo partzial zenbaitek eta azterketa filologiko zein linguistiko baten faltak corpus ikaragarri honen ustiapena zaildu du. Horri erantzun nahian, artikulu honetan liburuko pasarte batzuk hautatu ditugu, eta lekukotasunak finkatu, zuzendu eta zenbaitetan zabaldu ondoren, azterketa linguistikoa egin dugu.

Bilbo, 2019ko urtarrila-martxoa Ala ffede, bada! Euskal testu berri gehiago Nafarroako XVI. mendeko justizia-auzibideetan Ekaitz Santazilia UPNA/NUP, UPV/EHU Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusian XVI. eta XIX. mende bitarteko milaka justiziaauzibideren dokumentazioa gordetzen da. Gaztelaniaz idatzita dago, eta eskribauek euskaldun elebakarren aitortzak gaztelaniara itzultzen zituzten idatziz paratzeko. Hala ere, beharrezkoa zenean, lekuko horien euskarazko hitz gutxi batzuk bere horretan ematen zituzten eskribauek erdal itzulpenaren barnean. Lan honetan XVI. mende hondarreko auzibide zenbaitetan ageri diren euskarazko pasarte laburrak aztertu ditut. Lehenik, horrelako testuak nola eta zergatik ekoitzi ziren azaldu dut. Ondotik, dialektologiarako eta hizkuntzalaritza historikorako datu-iturri gisa duketen fidagarritasunaz eta balioaz aritu naiz. Gero, San Vicente, Arlegi, Iruñe eta Uxueko testigantzen edizioa eta azterketa egin dut. Buruenik, pasarteetan ageri diren hizkuntza-ezaugarriak zerrendatu ditut, eta lexikoia eta adizkitegia atondu. GAKO-HITZAK: Nafarroa • Euskara arkaikoa • Justizia-auzibideak • Hizkuntzalaritza historikoa. Ala ffede, bada! More new Basque texts from 16th-century judicial processes in Navarre The documentation of thousands of judicial processes between the 16th and the 19th centuries is kept in the Royal and General Archive of Navarre. It is written in Spanish, and scribes translated the testimonies of Basque monolingual speakers into Spanish to record them in writing. However, when necessary, within the Spanish translation, scribes sometimes provided witnesses' words in Basque. In this work I have studied several short passages in Basque included in judicial processes from the end of the 16th century. Firstly, I have explained how and why such texts were produced. Afterwards, I have focused on the reliability and value those texts may have as data-sources for dialectology and historical linguistics. Then, I have edited and analysed the attestations from San Vicente, Arlegui, Pamplona and Ujue. Lastly, I have listed the linguistic features which appear in the passages, and provided a lexicon and a list of verbs.