BackgroundNeonatal lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease acquired during fetal life as a result of transplacental passage of maternal anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A (anti-SSA/Ro), anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen B (anti-SSB/La) or anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (anti-U1-RNP) antinuclear autoantibodies.ContentsClinical manifestations include skin lesions, congenital heart block, hepatobiliary involvement and cytopenias. Most of the disorders disappear spontaneously after clearance of maternal antibodies. Cardiac symptoms, however, are not self-resolving and often pacemaker implantation is required. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and the presence of typical antibodies in the mother’s or infant’s serum.OutlookNeonatal lupus erythematosus may develop in children born to anti-SSA/Ro or anti-SSB/La women with various systemic connective tissue diseases. However, in half of the cases, the mother is asymptomatic, which may delay the diagnosis and have negative impact on the child’s prognosis. Testing for antinuclear antibodies should be considered in every pregnant woman since early treatment with hydroxychloroquine or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has proven to be effective in preventing congenital heart block.

DRESS diagnosis should be taken into consideration especially in patients treated eith antiepileptic drugs. Early diagnosis and drug discontinuation can contribute to preventing serious complications of DRESS.

The term "debridement" stands for the removal of necrotic material, scabs, devitalized tissues, dried serous fluid, infected tissues, biofilm, stratified epidermis, pus, hematomas, foreign bodies, bone fragments and other impurities whose presence delays wound healing. It is an inseparable element of wound healing therapy. Properly performed debridement leads to improvement of microcirculation in the wound, reduction in inflammation and lowering of the level of metalloproteinases, stimulation of wound edges and epidermis, reduction in unpleasant odour and reduction in the risk of infection and improvement of the patient's quality of life. There are many debridement techniques approved by the European Wound Management Association. The selection of the most appropriate method depends on many factors such as tissue type, presence of biofilm, depth and location of the wound, underlying cause (venous, arterial), skills of the person performing the debridement and the preferences of the patient him/herself. In our work we present not only a systematic review of most of the debridement techniques used nowadays, but also our clinical cases showing results of those different techniques.

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Introduction Chronic venous disorder (CVD) is thoroughly spread across the globe. It affects about 40% of the Polish population. European guidelines underline that there are no data on the percentage of people who have first symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Aim To determine the frequency and pattern of first symptoms and examine public knowledge on CVD in a selected group of patients. Material and methods Our study group consists of 175 patients who took part in preventive assessment of nevi. To determine public knowledge on CVD, we constructed a questionnaire, which consisted of two sections: one part to be completed by the patient and the other by the doctor. Results The median age was 41 years. From 175 patients, about 40% claimed that they do not recognize CVD. Only about half of them knew how to diagnose and treat it. Most of them associate telangiectasia and varicose veins as primary signs and symptoms of CVD. Conclusions Despite the fact that the disease itself is common, the level of public awareness is astonishingly low. Majority of patients tested could not associate first signs and symptoms, even though most of them had primary symptoms of the disease. In order to avoid high-cost treatment of ulcers and varicose veins, we should spread the knowledge on CVD.