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The new world monkey, Cebus fatudla, develops hypercholesteremia, hyperbetafipoproteinemia, and atherosclerosis when fed a diet containing alpha protein, 5 per cent cholesterol, and approximately 30 per cent of the supplied calories as corn oil (1). Elevations of serum lipide levels and vascular lesions of similar type and severity were also produced in the Cebus monkey by feeding diets containing casein, cholic acid, and cholesterol (2). Recently Mann (3) has shown that elevations of serum cholesterol and beta lipoproteins equivalent to those obtained by feeding diets containing alpha protein and 5 per cent cholesterol can be obtained when the dietary cholesterol is reduced to a 0.5 per cent level. The equivalence of vascular lesions established by feeding the 0.5 per cent and 5.0 per cent levels of cholesterol was not investigated.The present work was undertaken to investigate the effects of the level and type of dietary fat on serum cholesterol and beta lipoprotein responses of the cebus monkey. A rather large number of studies in the past has tended to show a correlation between serum cholesterol levels and the levels of dietary fat in the human (4). Recently, however, reports from the laboratories of Groen (5) Kinsell (6), and Ahrens (7) have maintained that certain vegetable fats have a hypocholesteremic effect on humans. Malmros and Wigand (8) found that patients who have a hypocholesteremic response to dietary corn oil have this response obliterated when margarine is included in the diet. Other reports have given strength to the hypothesis that the relationship between serum cholesterol values and the type of dietary fat in humans depends primarily on