Background: There is no consensus in the literature on the effects of the development of hydrocephalus on survival and disability after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the benefits of external ventricular drainage (EVD). Some studies showed good outcomes whereas some showed poor outcomes after insertion of EVD in patients with spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus. Objective: This study is planned to describe the role of external ventricular drainage in treating patients with spontaneous, either primary or secondary, intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus. Method: A hospital-based prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, which is a tertiary level hospital, from April 2016 to September 2017. A total of 42 patients of spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage, either primary or secondary, with hydrocephalus were selected for this study. Glasgow Coma Scale score for level of consciousness and Modified GRAEB score for severity of ventricular hemorrhage were recorded preoperatively. All the collected data were entered into IBM SPSS software, Version 22.0. Correlations were determined by linear regression analysis. Results: Among 42 patients, the age range was 26-75 years with a mean age of 65.2±10.87 years. Male were 26(61.9%) and females were 16(38.1%). The male-Female ratio was 1.625:1. A total of 9(21.42%) patients had a primary intraventricular hemorrhage and the rest of 33(78.58%) had an intraventricular hemorrhage. Preoperative GCS ranged from 4 to13 with a mean value of 7.14 ± SD 1.995. Modified GRA Escoresre was ranged from 5 to 19 with the mean 8.85± SD 0.7693. The difference in GCS at 24 hours was ranged from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of +10 with an increase of +1.67± SD 2.09. Collected CSF volumes at 24 hours were ranged from a minimum of 50 to a maximum of 480 ml with a mean of 338 of 0.33 ml ±SD 113.329. Total 5 patients died within 30 days. ...........

Background: The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is proposed as a substitute marker of dysfunction and distribution of adipose tissue and is found to be independently correlated with cardiometabolic risk associated with visceral obesity. However, VAI is not well studied in Bangladeshi population. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the visceral adipose dysfunction (VAD) based on VAI in a group of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh and also to determine the correlation of VAI with other anthropometric indicators of obesity. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 admitted patients of ACS at the Department of Cardiology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College & Hospital, Noakhali, Bangladesh from January 2019 to June 2019. Fasting serum lipid profile was obtained within 24 hours of hospitalization and demographic and anthropometric parameters [Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR)] were documented. VAI was calculated and VAD was determined for each patients. Results: The mean age of the subjects were 57.7±14.4 years with majority (71.9%) being male. Based on BMI 50% patients were obese. 69.8% and 81.3% had central obesity based on WC and WHtR criteria respectively. Overall, mean VAI was high (7.48±2.85) and significantly higher in female than male (8.83±2.89 versus 6.95±2.67; p=0.003). All patients had VAD. WHtR had significant positive correlation with VAI (r=0.338; p=0.001). Conclusion: VAD was highly prevalent in this group of ACS patients and WHtR was better than WC and BMI to measure the visceral fat.