This research aims to study mortality rates and identify the direct causes of neonatal deaths among newborns at Benghazi Pediatric Hospital. A descriptive case series study was conducted during 2015. Data included; birth weight, gender, residency, duration of hospital stay, age of neonates at death, and causes of death. Out of 1610 neonatal admissions reviewed, the total number of deaths was 122 during 2015. The data focused on death certificates of neonates and showed that the male gender was predominant (62.3 %). Most of them had a birth weight ranged between 2-2.9 Kg. Approximately 52 % of neonatal deaths in one day were of newborns <1 week old, and 54% were full-term  newborns. The most frequent direct single cause of death in neonates was prematurity, then neonatal sepsis and congenital heart disease respectively. The study concluded that the most frequent causes of infant mortality related deaths were prematurity then neonatal sepsis. Furthermore, future research is recommended, and the calculation of early and late neonatal mortality rate with the availability of total live births.

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is a common problem in newborns immediately following birth. It is often seen during the transition from fetal to neonatal life. Aims: This study was conducted to demonstrate the surgical causes of respiratory distress in infants admitted to paediatric surgical department of Benghazi Children Hospital and to describe the short term outcome of the sample. Methodology: A retrospective observational descriptive cross section study was done to achieve the aims of this study. Results: A sample of (50) children admitted with respiratory distress due to congenital anomalies, the age range of the sample was from one day to one year, male were (70%) and females and (30%). Residency (20%) from Benghazi and (80%) from outside Benghazi. Normal delivery was reported in52% of the cases and (48%) C/S, (86%) were born at term and (14%) preterm. The mean weight of the cases was (3.38) (±1.91) kg with minimum of (2) kg and maximum (10) kg. TOF in (52%), diaphragmatic hernia in (40%) and lung emphysema in (8%). Clinical presentation of the cases was mainly with respiratory distress in (84%), while (16%) presented with frothy secretion, ultrasound scan was done to (88%) and was normal. Echocardiogram was normal, atrial septal defect in (16%), ventricular septal defect in (14%), patent ductus arteriosus in (8%). (80%) were operated. Death was recorded in half of the cases. Cases with TOF were in total (26) cases of them (17) died and (9) survived, diaphragmatic hernia cases were (20), of them (12) discharged and (8) died, all cases of congenital lobar emphysema discharged. This association was highly significant Fisher`s (exact=6.9 P=0.005). all preterm neonate died (seven cases) and those who were term were in total (43) of them (25) survived and (18) died, Fisher`s (exact=10.85 P=0.005). Cases who were presented with respiratory distress were in total (42) of them (18) died and (25) discharged, while cases who presented with frothy secretions ....

This research aims to study the causes of neonatal admissions and deaths among newborns at neonate department in Benghazi Children Hospital. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted during 2019. Data included; causes of admission, causes of deaths, gender, age, residency, area of referral, duration of hospital stay. Out of 1720 neonatal admissions reviewed, the total number of deaths was 229, the overall mortality rate was (13.3%) but much higher (25.2%) among the referred babies. The male gender was predominant admissions and deaths (61.3% and 63% respectively). Most of neonatal admissions and deaths were occurred in the first week of life. The most frequent cause of admission was neonatal jaundice 492 (28.6%) followed by RD 380 (22.1%). The common cause of death was prematurity and its related problems 66 (28.3%), then neonatal sepsis 51 (22.3%) and congenital heart disease 36(15.7%).

Patients undergoing chemotherapy are vulnerable to infection because of immunosuppression and prolonged hospitalizations. Chemotherapy drugs affect neutrophil production through myelosuppression (1) and low inflammatory response so that fever maybe the manifestation of infection (2). The purpose of this study was to analyze febrile neutropenic episodes associated with infections in the 1st three phases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, document the risk factors affecting morbidity, mortality, treatment and the outcome of treatment. The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive survey in the Hematology-Oncology Unit at Children’s Hospital. It included all cases of (ALL) who were diagnosed within two years and treated with the Berlin Frankfurt Munich (BFM) protocol who developed fever during a neutropenic period. Data was recorded as gender, age, residence, nationality, number of episodes per patient, treatment phase, admission duration, length of stay (LOS) per episode, symptoms, physical examination and severity of fever. Investigations, the antibiotic used and the outcome were also recorded. A total 27children, males accounting for 63%, 67<5 were included in the study. Febrile neutropenic episodes ranged 1–12. Their peak was in January. 40% were in phase II. LOS range 2-35 days. Fever showed a median of 38.8 °C, higher in phase II and III. Admission and therapy phases were longer in children ˂ 2 years old and in males. The neutrophil median was 270/mm3. Stomatitis was seen in70% of episodes, gastroenteritis in 65%, fever of unknown origin (FUO) in 16%and pneumonias in 15%. 20/23 bacterial infections were Gram-negative. 40% of episodes required a change of antibiotics. The mortality rate was 22%.