Pendahuluan: Karies merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh demineralisasi email dan dentin serta erat hubungannya dengan makanan kariogenik. Umumnya anak usia sekolah dasar memiliki kebiasaan makan makanan kariogenik yang bersifat lengket dan mudah hancur di dalam mulut sehingga dapat meningkatkan risiko karies. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran distribusi pola makan makanan kariogenik dan non kariogenik serta pengalaman karies pada anak usia 11-12 tahun di SDN Cikawari, Kabupaten Bandung. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 41 anak dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah: Food Frequency Questionaire, formulir DMF-T, alat tulis, instrumen dasar pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut, cahaya senter, dan alat pelindung diri standar. Hasil: Persentase tertinggi pola makan makanan kariogenik adalah snack (46,13%),  roti (43,9%) dan permen (41,46%).  Persentase tertinggi pola makan makanan non kariogenik adalah nasi (70,73%), sayuran (48,78%), dan mie instan (43,9%) serta rerata indeks DMF-T adalah 3,95. Simpulan: Distribusi pola makan makanan kariogenik tertinggi pada anak usia 11-12 tahun di SDN Cikawari, Kabupaten Bandung, adalah snack, roti dan permen, serta distribusi pola makan makanan non kariogenik tertinggi adalah nasi, sayuran dan mie instan. Pengalaman karies menunjukkan rerata indeks DMF-T yang termasuk kategori sedang.Kata kunci: Pola makan makanan kariogenik, pola makan makanan non kariogenik, pengalaman karies anak.

Introduction: The essential oils of orange peels had a considerable potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent. The aim of this present study is to analized chemical composition of Citrus spp. And the oral antimicrobial effect of Citrus spp. peels essential oils against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Five orange peels species were used in this study consist of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Tangerine (Citrus nobilis), Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis), Lemon (Citrus limon), and Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix). The isolated essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was employed against the antimicrobial effect of samples. Results: The extraction yields of hydrodistilled-essential oils from Tangerine, Kaffir Lime, Sweet Orange, Lemon, and Lime provided the extraction yields of 4.20, 2.26, 1.97, 1.74 and 0.83% yields, respectively. Major component essential oils of Citrus spp. was D-Limonene. The highest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans was Lime peel essential oil, followed by Lemon, Kaffir Lime, and Sweet Orange or Tangerine. All samples showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans with the variation of antimicrobial action depending on the constituent of D-Limonene, β-Pinene, and α-terpineol. Conclusion: Major component chemical composition of essential oils of Citrus spp. was D-Limonene and antimicrobial activity by Lime peel essential oil due to its proportional amount of D-limonene and β-pinene and the highest antimicrobial activity.

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Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a gram positive oral pathogen that reported at the main agent infection

Background: Oral health care for pregnant women is often not provided by five health professionals in Indonesia: dentist, general practitioner, gynaecologist, promotion health officer, and midwives. While pregnant women also neither seek nor receive oral health treatment, even with apparent oral disease signs. This condition might occur due to a lack of understanding regarding the importance of oral health care for a healthy pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the knowledge of five different types of Indonesian health workers regarding oral health services for pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of five types of health workers in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling technique from August until September 2019. The sample size was 191 health workers; calculation of sample size was conducted using the survey population to estimate the population proportion formula. The research data was collected using Google® Form questionnaire, which consisted of questions regarding regulations and socialisation about the oral health of pregnant women, the minimum number of visits of pregnant women to health service facility during pregnancy, the necessity for oral health examination during pregnancy, oral health treatment package for pregnant women, advisory for pregnant women to have an oral health examination, maternal and child health manual book. The questionnaire was distributed online to the five types of health workers in Indonesia. Data were analysed using Microsoft® Excel and presented in tabular form. Results: Nine out of thirteen knowledge criteria were in the 'less' category, which means 69% of health workers lacked knowledge regarding oral health services for pregnant women. Likewise, the number of respondents who knew the correct knowledge was found in 9 of the 13 criteria, indicated that only a small proportion of health workers had adequate knowledge regarding oral health services for pregnant women. Conclusion: Five different types of Indonesian health workers are not knowledgeable enough regarding the importance of oral health services for pregnant women. Only a small portion of Indonesia's health workers have adequate knowledge regarding appropriate oral health services for pregnant women.