The aim of this work is to isolate antibacterial compounds from Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and inhibitory activity against MurA enzyme. The antibacterial compounds from Sarang Semut were isolated by a bioactivity-guided separation method with various solvents and combination of column chromatography on normal and reverse phases. The compounds with concentrations of 1000 and 5000 ppm were assessed against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 by agar well diffusion method, with chlorhexidine and fosfomicyn being used as positive controls. Two antibacterial compounds isolated from Sarang Semut were identified as two new flavonoids derivates of 1 (10 mg) and 2 (4 mg). Then, both compounds were tested for antibacterial activities against E. faecalis to find inhibition zones, MIC and MBC values, and it was found that their inhibition zones values of compounds 1 and 2 were 8.15 and 8.05 mm at 1000 ppm and 8.62 and 8.55 mm at 5000 ppm, respectively, while their MIC and MBC were 156 and 625 ppm for 1 and 625 and 2500 ppm for 2, respectively. In inhibitory murA enzyme activity assay, compounds 1 and 2 were shown to inhibit the enzyme activity by IC50 values of 21.7 and151.3 ppm. The study demonstrated that ethyl acetate fraction of Sarang Semut contained antibacterial flavonoids as active constituents that showed activity against E. faecalis. These results proved the plant's potential in herbal medicine and the development of new antibacterial agent for pathogenic dental caries.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the number of Laban leaf extracts from geothermal and non-geothermal regions, calculating yield values, and identifying active compounds in Laban leaves taken from geothermal and non-geothermal regions in Aceh Besar, Aceh Province. The study was started by extracting Laban leaves by maceration method, using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol for 3 x 24 hours. Then the extract was concentrated with a Rotary evaporator, calculated yield value, and phytochemical test. The results of the identification showed that there were differences in extract weight and weight of yields in the leaves in geothermal and non-geothermal regions. In n-hexane extract, the weight difference of extract was 37.6 g, and the difference in weight of the yield was 1.25%. In ethyl acetate extract the extract weight difference was 98.57 g, and the weight difference in yield was 3.28%. Methanol extract weight difference is 427.33g, and the difference in weight of the yield was 11.59%. The biggest difference is found in methanol extract.

BACKGROUND: One of the natural ingredients that can be used as a substitute for preventing dental caries is the methanol extract of Laban leaves. Laban contains various compounds that are known to have antibacterial properties. The traditional ability of Laban Leaf Methanol Extract has been proven to treat diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyzing the activity test of Laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste (Vitex pinnata) against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. METHODS: This type of laboratory experimental research (true experimental design) with post-test only control group design. This research was conducted at the Poltekkes Pharmacy Laboratory of the Ministry of Health in Aceh in July-August. The research sample consisted of Laban leaves collected randomly in the Ie Seu Um Geothermal area of Selawah Agam Aceh Besar. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. Antibacterial activity data were statistically processed with one-way ANOVA at a confidence level of α 0.05. RESULTS: The organoleptic test results observed for 3 weeks showed that there were differences in color and aroma; the higher the concentration of the resulting color, the darker it was, and resulting in a soft, sweet taste in the toothpaste of laban leaf methanol extract. The pH acidity test results showed an effect of storage time (the week I, week II, and week III) on toothpaste’s pH value. The viscosity test results showed that the toothpaste formula combined with the methanol extract of Laban leaves met the SNI 12-524-1995 standards regarding toothpaste. Toothpaste formula F3. 4.5% has the greatest viscosity, ranging from 241.0 (PDAs), and followed by F2. 240.4%, and F1. 237.6%. The higher the active ingredient concentration, the greater the viscosity value. The foam formation test results show that the foam’s stability is greatly influenced by particle size. The more the particle size, the lower the foam stability. ANOVA test results based on the concentration of significance value (0.000) <0.05, there is a difference in the number of bacterial colonies based on the concentration variable. ANOVA test results based on the repetition of significant values (0.423)> 0.05, which means that all repetitions have the same effect on the number of colonies, so there is no difference in the number of colonies based on the repetition variable. CONCLUSION: Minimum inhibitory concentration of toothpaste laban leaf methanol extract against S. mutans growth was aimed at a concentration of 4.5%, with an average number of bacterial colonies 108.5 × 10−7 CFU/mL).

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acid tolerance response and pH adaptation when Enterococcus faecalis interacted with extract of lime ( Citrus aurant iifolia). Methods : We used E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and lime extract from Aceh, Indonesia. The microbe was analyzed for its pH adaptation, acid tolerance response, and adhesion assay using a light microscope with a magnification of x1000. Further, statistical tests were performed to analyze both correlation and significance of the acid tolerance and pH adaptation as well as the interaction activity. Results : E. faecalis was able to adapt to a very acidic environment (pH 2.9), which was characterized by an increase in its pH (reaching 4.2) at all concentrations of the lime extract (p < 0.05). E. faecalis was also able to provide acid tolerance response to lime extract based on spectrophotometric data (595 nm) (p < 0.05). Also, the interaction activity of E. faecalis in different concentrations of lime extract was relatively stable within 6 up to 12 hours (p < 0.05), but it became unstable within 24–72 hours (p > 0.05) based on the mass profiles of its interaction activity. Conclusions : E. faecalis can adapt to acidic environments (pH 2.9–4.2); it is also able to tolerate acid generated by Citrus auranti ifolia extract, revealing a stable interaction in the first 6–12 hours.

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