Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acid tolerance response and pH adaptation when Enterococcus faecalis interacted with extract of lime ( Citrus aurant iifolia). Methods : We used E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and lime extract from Aceh, Indonesia. The microbe was analyzed for its pH adaptation, acid tolerance response, and adhesion assay using a light microscope with a magnification of x1000. Further, statistical tests were performed to analyze both correlation and significance of the acid tolerance and pH adaptation as well as the interaction activity. Results : E. faecalis was able to adapt to a very acidic environment (pH 2.9), which was characterized by an increase in its pH (reaching 4.2) at all concentrations of the lime extract (p < 0.05). E. faecalis was also able to provide acid tolerance response to lime extract based on spectrophotometric data (595 nm) (p < 0.05). Also, the interaction activity of E. faecalis in different concentrations of lime extract was relatively stable within 6 up to 12 hours (p < 0.05), but it became unstable within 24–72 hours (p > 0.05) based on the mass profiles of its interaction activity. Conclusions : E. faecalis can adapt to acidic environments (pH 2.9–4.2); it is also able to tolerate acid generated by Citrus auranti ifolia extract, revealing a stable interaction in the first 6–12 hours.

Kunyit (Curcuma longa linn) merupakan bahan herbal mengandung senyawa aktif Curcuminoid yangterdiri atas Curcumin, Bisdementhoxycurcumin dan Dementhoxycurcumin yang mempunyai sifat antijamur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daya hambat ekstrak kunyit terhadappertumbuhan Candida albicans, in vitro. Uji daya hambat pada penelitian ini menggunakan metodedifusi agar (Kirby-Bauer) dengan nistatin 100μg sebagai kontrol positif dan kertas cakram kosongsebagai kontrol negatif. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA satu arah (One Way Analysisof Varians) dengan taraf kepercayaan 5%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kunyit dengan pelarut etanol 96% pada konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%,75% dan 100% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan C.albicans. Diameter zona hambat terbesar terlihatpada konsentrasi ekstrak kunyit 100% yaitu 10,3 mm, dan diameter terkecil terlihat pada konsentrasi12,5% yaitu 6,6 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kunyit dapatmenghambat pertumbuhan C.albicans, dengan demikian berpotensi untuk digunakan sebgai bahanherbal anti-C.albicans. Namun potensi in vivo herbal ini perlu ditetapkan melalui studi lanjut padahewan coba.Kata kunci: Kunyit, Candida albicans, difusi agar

Kota Jambi memiliki potensi konflik sosial, khususnya konflik agama terkait pendirian rumah ibadah. Sejarah konflik agama di Indonesia mencatat bahwa rumah ibadah menjadi salah satu sumber konflik potensial yang seringkali berujung pada perusakan dan pembakaran. Terkait hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan upaya agar konflik ini tidak berkepanjangan, salah satunya dengan revitalisasi kearifan budaya lokal yang tumbuh di masing-masing daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan mengambil objek lokasi di Telanaipura, Alam Barajo, dan Kotabaru Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sebagai kawasan majemuk, Kota Jambi juga tak luput dari konflik pendirian rumah ibadah yang terjadi di tiga wilayah, namun tidak berkepanjangan. Pola konflik diawali dengan aksi damai masyarakat muslim terhadap pendirian gereja di pemukiman mayoritas muslim. Konflik tersebut tidak berlanjut menjadi anarkis karena kearifan lokal masyarakat Kota Jambi menyelesaikan perkara melalui mufakat bersama tuo-tuo tengganai, tokoh adat, dan tokoh agama sehingga dapat diselesaikan oleh tokoh adat, tokoh agama dan pemerintah daerah di Kota Jambi.   Jambi City has the potential for social conflict, especially religious conflict related to the establishment of houses of worship. The history of religious conflict in Indonesia notes that houses of worship have become a source of potential conflict which often leads to destruction and burning. Related to this, it is necessary to make efforts to prevent this conflict is not prolonged, one option is by revitalizing of the local cultural wisdom that grows in each region. This study was conducted using a qualitative research approach. This research was conducted in Telanaipura, Alam Barajo, and Kotabaru in Jambi City. The results of this study found that as a pluralistic area, Jambi City was also not spared from the conflict of the establishment of places of worship that occurred in three regions, but was not prolonged. The pattern of conflict began with peaceful actions by Muslim communities against the construction of churches in Muslim-majority settlements. The conflict did not continue to be anarchic because the local wisdom of the people of Jambi City resolved cases through consensus with tuo-tuo tengganai, traditional leaders, and religious leaders so that it could be resolved by traditional leaders, religious leaders and local governments Jambi City.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acid tolerance response and pH adaptation when interacted with extract of lime (). We used ATCC 29212 and lime extract from Aceh, Indonesia. Both materials were analyzed for their pH adaptation, acid tolerance response, adhesion assay, and mass profiles using a light microscope with a magnification of x1000. Further, statistical tests were performed to analyze both correlation and significance of the acid tolerance and pH adaptation also the interaction activity. was able to adapt to a very acidic environment (pH 2.9), which was characterized by an increase in its pH (reaching 4.2) at all concentrations of the lime extract (p< 0.05). was also able to provide acid tolerance response to lime extract based on spectrophotometric data (595 nm) (p< 0.05). Also, the interaction activity of and the lime extract was relatively stable within 6 up to 12 hours (p< 0.05), but it became unstable within 24-72 hours (p > 0.05) based on the mass profiles of its interaction activity. can adapt to acidic environments (pH 2.9-4.2); it is also able to tolerate acid generated by extract, revealing a stable interaction in the first 6-12 hours.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of areca nut extract. The phytochemical content and phenolic composition of the extract were also determined. Materials and Methods: An extract of areca nut was prepared using 96% ethanol and subsequently screened for phytochemical content using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The immunomodulatory activity of the extract was tested in 35 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four groups: One control group and three experimental groups in which the rats received 500, 1000, or 1500 mg/kg of oral areca nut extract biweekly (BW). The extract was orally administered 14 days before the intraperitoneal challenge with Staphylococcus aureus (1×108 CFU/mL). On the 14th day of the experiment, rats in all the four groups were sacrificed. Measurement of the levels of red blood cells, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophil, and macrophages were recorded. The activities of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, urea, and creatinine were also determined. Results: Areca nut was found to contain an alkaloid, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of catechin as the major compound along with quercetin. Administration of areca nut extract in rats infected with S. aureus produced a significant increase in the concentration of WBC but did not affect Hct, Hb, and other cell types. Among the different doses tested, 1000 mg/kg BW was found to be most effective in cellular immunity models. No harmful effects on the liver and kidney functions were observed. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of areca nut might be attributed to the presence of catechin and quercetin. Administration of areca nut extract increased the number of WBCs and improved the activity and capacity of macrophages significantly in rats infected with S. aureus.