Quantitative demonstration of chemical
kinetics often requires
sophisticated equipment and materials. By using inexpensive and commonly
available chemicals, we propose here two clock reactions, oxygen–safranin–benzoin
clock and cysteine–iodine–hydrogen peroxide clock. Students
simply measure and add stock solutions to start clock reactions. Sudden
discoloration or coloration of the reaction mixture marks the end
of the reaction, and this can be conveniently timed. Students then
complete calculations and graphing in a spreadsheet file by following
common protocols. Rates of reaction are calculated from the ratio
of [limiting reactant]0 and clock time. Orders of reactions
and rate constants are determined by the method of initial rate. Additional
discussions on topics such as catalysis, reaction mechanism, redox
reaction, and pseudo-zeroth-order reaction are also possible.
Eleven demonstration activities for
an introductory undergraduate
chemistry safety session are described. The first two activities are
a safety video and a lab tour. All other activities are drawn from
popular demonstrations and presented in the context of chemical safety.
These include a balloon bursting via toluene, a dry ice fog created
in a fume hood, a reaction forming a carbon snake, a glycerol and
potassium permanganate reaction, creation of a fireproof banknote,
a candle extinguished by a copper coil, a candle extinguished by a
test tube, a demonstration of a can crushed by air pressure, and creation
of a soda geyser. The pedagogical narratives of these demonstrations
cover all four areas of chemistry safety learning outcomes using the
RAMP approach (recognizing hazards, assessing risks, minimizing risks,
and preparing for emergencies) recommended for undergraduate students
by the American Chemical Society.
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