Oral pigmentation may present as focal, multifocal or diffused macular or tumefactive lesions. They may greatly vary in color as blue, purple, brown, gray or black depending on the quantity and site of melanin in the tissues [1]. Etiology of pigmentation can be multi factorial. Mostly pigmentation is physiologic but at times it can be a precursor of severe diseases. Lesions may be caused by localized harmless accumulations of melanin, hemosiderin or exogenous metals or they may be a sign of underlying systemic or genetic disease. A few lesions may be associated with life-threatening medical conditions that require immediate intervention. The differential diagnosis for any pigmented lesion is extensive, as it includes examples of endogenous and exogenous pigmentations. Although biopsy is a helpful and necessary aid in the diagnosis of focally pigmented lesions, with diffuse pigmentation lesions require a thorough dental and medical history and laboratory investigations.

No abstract

Background: Oral health of pregnant patients is considered as an essential component of the overall health of the mother and the developing fetus. The aim of this study was to know dentist perspective regarding treatment options in pregnant patients.

Histopathological Study of Guided Lung Biopsies IntroductionSmall lung biopsies are the most common and the first lung sample obtained when a radiologic abnormality is detected and tissue diagnosis is required. [1] Both CT guided FNA and core needle biopsies have been documented to be effective for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions including non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. [2] CT guided biopsy may have an advantage over CT guided FNA for obtaining more tissue to perform Immunohistochemistry and/or molecular study. Image guided biopsies are less susceptible to false-negative or false positive diagnosis when compared with FNACs. [2] Lung cancer is the commonest cancer and the biggest cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Every year lung cancer causes more than 1.6 million deaths, more than breast, colon, and prostate cancers combined. [3] Lung is also one of the most common metastatic sites of many primary cancers. [2] Tissue is often required to differentiate primary from metastasis, benign lesions from malignant lesions and further classify a primary lung cancer for treatment.However, the vast majorities of patients present with either locally advanced or metastatic disease and do not proceed to surgical resection so the diagnosis of lung cancer is confirmed using small biopsies/cytology. [4] Among malignancies, Non small cell lung carcinoma is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85%

Nasal polyposis is a disease entity characterized by development of benign growths arising either from the nasal mucosa or from any of the Para-nasal sinuses alone or in combination. These out growths are associated with oedema, fibrosis, reduced vascularization, decreased number of glands as well as nerve endings and damaged epithelium. The cause of nasal polyposis is not completely understood; however, it is frequently associated with asthma and intolerance to aspirin. The condition is characterized by eosinophil inflammation: approximately65% to 90% of polyps is classified histologically as eosinophilic. The symptoms of nasal polyposis include nasal obstruction, watery discharge and impairment of sense of smell. The objectives for the management of the condition include elimination or reduction in the size of polyps followed by reestablishment of an open nasal airway and nasal breathing, improvement or restoration of sense of smell and ultimately prevention of polyp recurrence. In nasal polyposis, topical nasal corticosteroids are considered the medical treatment of choice and several different intranasal corticosteroids in combination with antihistamines have been investigated with regard to both effect on symptoms and reduction in polyp size. These benefits maybe attributed at least in part, to the effect of topical corticosteroids on decreasing eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the comparative efficacy of local nasal steroids alone and in combination with an antihistamine. KEYWORDS: Polyposis, Fluticasone, Azelastine, Nasal spray, Rhinorrhoea, metered dosage, MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present study is a prospective study to evaluate the role of steroids in combination with Antihistamine in the form of nasal spray used in selective patients suffering from Nasal polyposis prior to surgical procedure. Comparative efficacy of steroid nasal spray versus combination of steroid with antihistamine nasal spray in nasal polyposis is also evaluated. The present Study includes 60 patients with Nasal polyposis in nose and Para-nasal sinuses treated in the department of ENT, Government General Hospital attached to Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool.This Study was conducted for a period of 2 years from June 2010-November 2012. This study is a prospective, comparative, study. 60 patients are selected for this study among 7054 patients who attended the Outpatient department with complaints related to nose and Para-nasal diseases constituting to 0.85%. All the patients are subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination, endoscopic examination, radiological investigation, counseling for pre-operative medical management and regular follow-up. The Data was collected in a standard format for calculation and ready reckoning. DNE and endoscopic grading of polyps is done. Patients are given a simple DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2014DOI: 10.14260/jemds/ /2942 Page 7596 questionnaire relating to symptoms in order to grade the severity of complaints which are ...