Watershed management is closely related to regulations on the affairs of local governance, water resources, spatial planning, as well as soil and water conservation. All forms of regulation relating to watershed management must be strictly regulated as the legal basis for watershed management in Indonesia. This study aims to identify, understand, and analyze the juridical constraints faced in managing watersheds in Indonesia and to analyze the ideal juridical regulatory model for watershed management in Indonesia. This research was conducted using normative juridical research, by focusing on testing the implementation of rules or norms in positive law. The results of the study show juridical constraints in watershed management in Indonesia relating to the Revocation and Substitution of the Water Resources Law; the lack of synchronization between the Water Resources Law, the Regional Government Law and the Soil and Water Conservation Law. Therefore, the authors formulate the ideal form of watershed management arrangements, among others by taking quick and effective steps through district / city regional policies while continuing to synchronize efforts through policies in the form of mandates and tasks of assisting watershed management sub-affairs.

Mining activities has grown very much, a given result is very given an advantage for the miners. Nevertheless, activities which promise this also also bring an adverse impact on man and the environment when this activity was undertaken not based on the regulation that has been set. Mining illegally also occurred at the sandbanks Parangtritis, sandbanks I know about the Parangtritis are unique and useful for maintained because it is being very specific with the form of a crescent or bacon and is the one and only sandbanks found in the southeast Asia. Arrangement about mining activities that environmentally sound has set out in various regulation, but this appears to have not run as expected, so may is still needed law enforcement tighter and clear to mining sand conducted an illegal. The research was conducted by juridical normative is the approach that was undertaken based on material law by means of reviewing the theory, the concept, a normative law and the regulatory legislation that deals with this research. This approach is known the approach literature, namely by studying books, regulation and other documents related to this research. Criminal law enforcement of the mining sand illegally in sandbanks Parangtritis has started to walk but not yet optimal .The laws governing about mining sand has been is in a few rules, but the law enforcement not is the responsibility of law enforcement officials just, law enforcement is also a responsibility community in an effort to ahead and recover crimes sand mining illegally. Obstacles faced by law enforcement in dealing with crimes sand mining illegal in sandbanks Parangtritis are the lack of legal awareness to the community, economic factors, the lack of knowledge of the community towards the impact of mining sand illegally and factors law enforcement. Key word: Criminal law; Sand Mining; Illegal

The issue in this research is the regulation of legal protection against justice collaborators of corruption in Indonesia which is not optimal, and the absence of an appropriate protection model for optimum efforts of protection for justice collaborators in handling corruption in Indonesia. This needs to be studied because the role of justice collaborator is very much needed to disclose major cases such as corruption, whereas his testimony can pose a large risk that must be borne by the justice collaborator, hence legal protection for justice collaborators is crucial. The method in this study uses a type of juridical normative research that is focused on studying the norms of positive law. This research concludes, first, the regulations regarding the protection of justice collaborators are listed in various regulations, but there are no specific, clear and firm regulations regarding protection and procedural arrangements for determining a justice collaborator. Thus an appropriate legal protection model is needed to optimize protection for justice collaborators in criminal acts of corruption in order to fill the legal vacuum. Second, the legal protection model for justice collaborators in handling corruption in Indonesia can utilise a persuasive protection model.

Kemajuan teknologi merupakan suatu perkembengan jaman yang membawa peradaban manusia menjadi semakin modern. Perkembangan yang membuat kinerja manusia semakin lebih baik dan mudah dengan adanya teknologi digital, baik pada aspek pendidikan, pekerjaan, pemerintahan dan khususnya pada bidang ekonomi. Dengan adanya teknologi digital pertumbuhan perekonomian suatu bangsa dapat melaju dengan pesat oleh karena itu teknologi memeiliki peranan penting dalam membangun suatu bangsa, akan tetapi dengan majunya teknologi juga turut diisi dengan kejahatan jenis baru dibidang digital, khususnya cybercrime sebagai kejahatan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu dalam penulisan ini diambil rumusan masalah bagaimana pandangan hukum pidana dalam tindak pidana pembobolan rekening dan uang elektronik pada e commerce sebagai kejahatan ekonomi, adapun tujuan mengetahui konsep hukum pidana dalam memandang kejahatan cybercrime sebagai kejahatan ekonomi, kegunaan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai bentuk pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan adanya kejahatan jenis baru sebagai dampak dari perkembangan jaman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, hasil penelitian bahwa cybercrime yang dapat dikatakan sebagai kajahatan ekonomi adalah kejahatan yang dilakukan dengan motif utamanya adalah mengenai harta benda, sehingga bila kejahatan tersebut dibiarkan akan memberikan dampak pada perekonomian bangsa dengan ditandainya berkurangnya minat masyarakat untuk melakukan transaksi secara online dan menabung uang direkening bank, yang nantinya akan berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya perekonomian negara, kesimpulannya ialah kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat tersebut dalam tindak pidana ekonomi salah satunya yang diangkat oleh penulis adalah mengenai pembobolan bank dalam hal ini rekening bank baik yang terjadi didalam e-commerce,dimana e-commerce itu sendiri merupakan transaksi yang dilakukan melalui teknologi tinggi antara indvidu yang satu dengan individu yang lain yang tidak ada batasnya atau jaraknya berjauhan.

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