Abstract. Subositi D, Wahyono S. 2019. Study of the genus Curcuma in Indonesia used as traditional herbal medicines. Biodiversitas 20: 1356-1361. Research into local knowledge is very important in providing a database of medicinal plants and as a basis for further research. The genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) has been used as medicines and other purposes, so it has a high economic value.  The aim of this study was to record the use of the species of the genus Curcuma as traditional herbal medicines in Indonesia. The study was a part of a project called RISTOJA (Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Herbal Medicines), which collected data from 415 ethnic groups in Indonesia from 2012 to 2017. A purposive sampling method was used to select 2,354 respondents (traditional healers) for interviews, 1,042 of whom used Curcuma as herbal medicines. It was found that eight species of the genus were used to treat 73 different ailments. Curcuma longa was found to have the highest relative frequency of citation (0.274) and use value (0.563), and members of the genus Curcuma were found to be extensively used to treat a wide variety of ailments in Indonesia.

Abstract. Sidhiq DF, Subositi D, Widiyastuti Y, Pujiasmanto B, Yunus A. 2020. Morphological diversity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of Echinacea purpurea cultivated in Karangpandan, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1265-1271. Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) is a medicinal plant introduced from North America. While it has been introduced to Indonesia long several decades ago. E. purpurea has not been developed as a raw material for herbal medicines in Indonesia as it faces constraints, namely non-uniform production and lack of information on the total phenolic and flavonoid content if cultivated in the country. This study aims to determine the morphological diversity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of three accession E. purpurea cultivated on lowland area (i.e. 493 m asl) in Tegalgede, Karangpandan, Central Java, Indonesia. This study used a Randomized Complete Group Design (RCBD) method with 1 factor, namely 3 accessions of E. Purpurea: A1, A2, A3 each with four replications. Morphological observations, as well as laboratory analysis, were done in this research to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS to test the difference. We found there is significantly different results E. Purpurea accession in term of plant height, wet stover weight, number of leaves, root weight, root length, number of branches. Quantitative observation in the form of extract yield, total phenol content and total flavonoid highest content of extract residue produced by Accession 3 with 7,655%, while the highest phenolic was produced by Accession 1 with 507,619 mg GAE.g -1 extract, and the highest flavonoid was produced by Accession 2 with 313,869 mg QE.g-1 extract. This study concludes that there is morphological diversity of E. purpurea cultivated in Karangpandan with a significant correlation of accession to residue extract, phenolic, and flavonoid content.

Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) has been widely used as a medicinal plant to treat some diseases, such as fever, headache, and diuretic. Nowadays, there is no information of genetic diversity of this plant used in herbal formula by ethnic groups in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to asses genetic diversity of alang-alang from 18 selected ethnic groups in Indonesia based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Location of sample collection was identified by using data on Research on Medicinal Plant (Ristoja) 2012. Total DNA genome was isolated and ISSR primer screening were done on collected samples. Ten selected ISSR primers produced 74 ampli fied DNA fragments 58, fragments (78.4 %) were polymorphic. Dice index similarity was used to construct UPGMA dendrogram. The genetic similarity indexing which among accessions was ranged from 70.5-90.5% thereby indicating a low level of genetic diversity occurred in alang-alang. The results of this study also showed that ISSR markers were able to genetically differentiate alang-alang accessions. This information can be useful for further researchs such as for standardization of medicinal plants. ABSTRAKAlang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) telah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu tumbuhan obat untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit seperti diantaranya penyakit demam, sakit kepala dan peluruh air seni. Informasi keragaman genetik alang-alang yang digunakan dalam ramuan obat tradisional di berbagai etnis di Indonesia belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik alang-alang yang digunakan di 18 etnis di Indonesia dalam mendukung tersedianya database tumbuhan obat berdasarkan marka Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Lokasi koleksi sampel alang-alang dilakukan berdasarkan informasi dari Riset tumbuhan obat dan jamu (Ristoja) tahun 2012. Sampel yang diperoleh kemudian diisolasi total DNA genom dan dilakukan skrining primer ISSR. Sebanyak sepuluh primer ISSR terpilih digunakan untuk amplifikasi dan menghasilkan 74 fragmen DNA dengan polimorfisme sebesar 78,4%. Perhitungan indeks similaritas antar aksesi alang-alang menggunakan indeks similaritas Dice, sedangkan penyusunan dendogram menggunakan algoritma UPGMA. Indeks similaritas alang-alang sebesar 70,5-90,5% yang menunjukkan rendahnya keragaman genetik spesies tersebut. Marka ISSR mampu menunjukkan perbedaan genetik aksesi alang-alang dan informasi tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut terutama standarisasi tanaman obat.Kata kunci: Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.), database, keragaman genetik, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)

Journal of Agricultural Sciencewww.agrivita.ub.ac.id health and cancer (Wahyono, 2013). Kaempferia galanga L., known in Indonesia as kencur, is a medicinal plant used empirically by 109 ethnic groups and ranked as the16 th most used medicinal plant in traditional medicinal herbal formulas. The plant's rhizomes and leaves are used to treat common colds, coughs, wounds, headaches, ulcers, breast cancer, asthma and as an after-childbirth treatment (Wahyono, 2013). Kaempferia galanga L. a species in the family of Zingiberaceae, is perennial herbaceous plant and widely used as a medicinal plant, as a spice and in perfumery. K. galanga is possibly native to India, and distributed and widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia, including southern China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and also introduced into northern Australia (Ibrahim, 1999). The plant is traditionally used for pharmacological treatments, since it has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (Umar, Zaini Bin Asmawi, Sadikun, Altaf, & Iqbal, 2011), antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (Rao V & Kaladhar, 2014).Rhizomes of K. galanga have been reported to have volatile oils with 50 constituents (97.19% of the oil), including ethyl cinnamate, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, γ-cadinene, 1,8-cineole, δ-carene, borneol, ethyl-mmethoxycinnamate, camphene, linoleoyl chloride and α-pinene (Kumar, 2014).Currently, K. galanga has been reported to be an endangered species, even though it is valuable as a medicinal and aromatic plant (Preetha, Hemanthakumar, & Krishnan, 2016). In its natural habitat the plant exhibits poor natural rhizomatous ARTICLE INFO

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