Abstract. Subositi D, Wahyono S. 2019. Study of the genus Curcuma in Indonesia used as traditional herbal medicines. Biodiversitas 20: 1356-1361. Research into local knowledge is very important in providing a database of medicinal plants and as a basis for further research. The genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) has been used as medicines and other purposes, so it has a high economic value.  The aim of this study was to record the use of the species of the genus Curcuma as traditional herbal medicines in Indonesia. The study was a part of a project called RISTOJA (Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Herbal Medicines), which collected data from 415 ethnic groups in Indonesia from 2012 to 2017. A purposive sampling method was used to select 2,354 respondents (traditional healers) for interviews, 1,042 of whom used Curcuma as herbal medicines. It was found that eight species of the genus were used to treat 73 different ailments. Curcuma longa was found to have the highest relative frequency of citation (0.274) and use value (0.563), and members of the genus Curcuma were found to be extensively used to treat a wide variety of ailments in Indonesia.

The residents of the Eastern part of Indonesia, specifically, Papua and West Papua provinces, are dependent on traditional medicines with the use of plants, which includes treating malaria. However, there are limited information on the diversity of medicinal plants in Papua Island. Hence, the Indonesian Ministry of Health put together a database of all the natural plant-based raw materials in Indonesia, to address part of the issues encountered as a result of the limited information on the diversity of plants. Based on this background, the aim of the research was to analyze the information on medicinal plants used by the traditional healers in Papua Island based on the results of research on medicinal plants and Jamu (RISTOJA), especially in treating malaria. Data were obtained through ethnomedicine research conducted in 2012 and 2017 involving 54 ethnicities in Papua. Based on the results, 72 species of medicinal plants from 67 genera and 40 families were used traditionally in treating malaria on Papua Island. The most common medicinal plants used as traditional antimalarial concoction are Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Carica papaya L., Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, and Physalis minima L. Similar to other ethnobotany research, the leaves were the most used plant parts in preparing the various traditional concoctions.

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Pemetaan penggunaan tumbuhan sebagai obat dan jamu di Kalimantan Timur telah dilakukan dalam bentuk riset tanaman obat dan jamu (RISTOJA) 2015. Eksplorasi dilakukan terhadap 5 etnis yaitu Bahau, Berau, Apokayan, Kutai dan Bentian. Data dikumpulkan dari 5 orang pengobat dan penyehat tradisional (hattra) pada masing-masing etnis yang dipilih secara <em>p</em><em>u</em><em>rposive</em> untuk memperoleh data terkait penggunaan tumbuhan dalam pengobatan. Sejumlah 520 ramuan dikelompokkan dalam 70 jenis keluhan/penyakit. Diperoleh 47 ramuan yang dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan luka terbuka dan sakit kulit, dengan 25 ramuan untuk pengobatan luka terbuka dan 22 ramuan utnuk pengobatan sakit kulit. Hasil identifikasi tumbuhan yang digunakan pada ramuan menunjukkan ada 27 tumbuhan yang digunakan pada ramuan luka terbuka dan 26 tumbuhan yang digunakan pada ramuan sakit kulit. Identifikasi tumbuhan menunjukkan adanya 39 jenis tumbuhan dimana 14 jenis diantaranya memiliki lebih dari 1.000 publikasi terkait penggunaan secara medis dan penggunaan sebagai anti bakteri dan hanya 7 jenis diantaranya yang memiliki publikasi kurang dari 100.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : Riset Tanaman Obat dan Jamu, RISTOJA 2015, luka terbuka, sakit kulit, etnis</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Ethnomedicine studies on treatment of open wounds and skin aches in several ethnicities in the province of East Kalimantan</em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Mapping the use of plants as medicine and herbal medicine in East Kalimantan has been carried out in the form of research on medicinal plants and herbs (RISTOJA) 2015. Exploration is carried out on 5 ethnic groups namely Bahau, Berau, Apokayan, Kutai and Bentian. Data were collected from 5 traditional healers (hattra) in each ethnic who were selected purposively to obtain data related to the use of plants in medicine. A total of 520 herbs are grouped into 70 types of complaints / diseases. Obtained 47 ingredients that can be used for the treatment of open wounds and skin ailments, with 25 herbs for the treatment of open wounds and 22 herbs for the treatment of skin ailments. The results of the identification of plants used in the concoction showed that there were 27 plants used in the open wound herb and 26 plants used in the skin ache mixture. Plant identification shows that there are 39 species of plants where 14 of them have more than 1,000 publications related to medical use and anti-bacterial use and only 7 of them have less than 100 publications.</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : </em><em>Riset tumbuhan obat dan jamu</em><em>, wounds, skin aches, ethnic</em></p>

Indonesia is among the countries producing medicinal plants (TO) for domestic and foreign demand. Nevertheless, Indonesia keeps importing a variety of TO kinds. One reason for this is farmer's lack of interest in cultivating medicinal plants, which is interesting to observe considering that, in terms of market share, ecology, and geography, all of them support the development of medicinal plant cultivation. This cross-sectional study with observations and interviews aims to get primary data to identify the factors causing the lacking interest of farmers in cultivating medicinal plants. In October 2018, we conducted our data collection. Statistics Indonesia (BPS) provided secondary data on the production and trade of medicinal plants from 2009 to 2020. We did descriptive data analysis. The results showed several factors caused farmers to be less interested in cultivating medicinal plants. Expense fluctuations, the length of the planting period, technology, and access to marketing, until the government's attention has not been optimized are the contributing factors. It should make efforts to increase the interest of farmers in cultivating medicinal plants. There are ways to encourage people to grow medicinal plants as their primary source of income, including stable prices, market accessibility, efficient cultivation, and post-harvest technology.

Terbatasnya pilihan pengobatan dalam mengatasi Covid-19 mendorong masyarakat mencari alternatif pencegahan secara mandiri. Satu diantaranya dengan menggunakan obat tradisional untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Jamu merupakan obat tradisional Indonesia yang telah digunakan sejak jaman dulu. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik penggunaan jamu oleh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh selama pandemi. Studi ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan secara consecutive sampling, dengan kriteria inklusi warga negara Indonesia yang berumur lebih dari 18 tahun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara survei daring yang melibatkan 1.524 responden. Uji chi square dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan demografi dengan praktik. Regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menguji variabel independen yang memiliki hubungan dengan variabel dependen secara bersamaan. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel kecuali jenis kelamin dan pengetahuan mempunyai nilai p<0,05 (95% CI). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usia (p=0,000), tempat tinggal (p=0,000), pekerjaan (p=0,003), pendidikan (p=0,041) dan sikap (p=0,000) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan praktik penggunaan jamu. Berdasarkan analisis regresi logistik, tempat tinggal (OR:0,58; CI:0,46-0,74), usia (OR:1,68; CI:1,34-2,11) dan sikap (OR=0,30; CI:0,24-0,38) responden berhubungan secara bermakna dengan praktik penggunakan jamu untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh selama pandemi Covid-19.  Sementara itu pekerjaan dan pendidikan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Secara umum responden telah memiliki pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik penggunaan jamu yang baik. Namun demikian, edukasi dan promosi yang mempertimbangkan karakteristik demografi masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik masyarakat.