The degradation of Indonesia's wetlands is continuing at a rapid pace. People living in the Middle Mahakam Lakes (MML) region, part of a major wetland area in Indonesia, have observed various negative changes in their local environment, especially with regard to water quality. We verify these local perceptions with the support of water quality measurements (physical and chemical) taken in 1992-93, 1995, 1998 and 2006. We also aim to present data that can be used to determine future trends. We evaluated the water quality of the MML by comparing the 2006 measurements with data reported for similar water systems in Kalimantan and with water quality standards in the USA, and set by the World Bank, Australia, Malaysia and South Africa. Measurements show that the water quality of the MML improved considerably between 1998 and 2006 but there seems to be a delicate balance between the pH value and the levels of oxygen, nutrients and hydrogen sulphide. The low alkalinity values indicate that the system is prone to pH changes, which could be triggered by an increased input of acids, as a consequence of deforestation, mining activities or the drainage of peat lands, effects already occurring in one of the lakes.

Despite the great emphasis on sustainable forest management in the 1998 Indonesian reform movement, deforestation has only accelerated since then, with Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) exhibiting the highest rate of forest loss. Some forested areas have, however, been preserved by local communities. We investigate how and why two of these communities in Kapuas Hulu district, West Kalimantan, have managed to maintain their forests against the pressures of illegal logging and conversion to oil palm plantations. One village community had the capacity to act on its own, while the other needed additional capacity through intercommunity collaboration. Motivations behind these villages' decisions were both economic and eudaimonic; their desire for meaningful lives related to the community and environment and to past and future generations. The findings enrich the literature on land use change because description and analysis of successful resistance against logging and oil palm is still rare. As such, the findings offer a different way to understand and interrogate the challenges confronting present-day forest communities in Kalimantan and beyond, standing out against the mainstream impression that communities are still powerless or unwilling to resist the short-term economic lures. We also refer briefly to the environmental justice perspective.

Jantra dapat diartikan sebagai roda berputar, yang bersifat dinamis, seperti halnya kehidupan manusia yang selalu bergerak menuju ke arah kemajuan. Jurnal Jantra merupakan wadah penyebarluasan tentang dinamika kehidupan manusia dari aspek sejarah dan budaya. Artikel dalam Jurnal Jantra bisa berupa hasil penelitian, tanggapan, opini, maupun ide atau pemikiran penulis. Artikel dalam Jantra maksimal 20 halaman kuarto, dengan huruf Times New Romans, font 12, spasi 2, disertai catatan kaki dan menggunakan bahasa populer namun tidak mengabaikan segi keilmiahan. Dewan Redaksi Jantra berhak mengubah kalimat dan format penulisan, tanpa mengurangi maksud dan isi artikel. Tulisan artikel disampaikan dalam bentuk file Microsoft Word (disket, CD), dialamatkan kepada: Dewan Redaksi Jantra, Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Yogyakarta, Jalan Brigjen Katamso 139 (nDalem Joyodipuran), Yogyakarta 55152, Telp. (0274) Kata kunci: Pembangunan -otonomi daerah. PengantarMenurut Undang-undang No. 5/ 1974 Otonomi Daerah adalah lebih menekankan pada penyerahan urusan kepada lembaga pemerintah daerah yaitu pemberian hak, wewenang dan kewajiban untuk mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri 1 . Oleh karena itu dalam pelaksanaan otonomi daerah ini akan sangat tergantung dari kemampuan daerah dalam menggali potensi, sumberdaya manusia dan perhitunganperhitungan serta kebijaksanaan-kebijaksanaan yang dikeluarkannya. Dalam konteks ini peranan desa, baik secara kelembagaan maupun fungsional tidak dapat dikesampingkan 2 . Dalam pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah diperlukan kesadaran dari kabupatenkabupaten dan kota-kota bahwa mereka itu adalah merupakan bagian dari suatu propinsi. Dengan demikian tidak pada tempatnya apabila kabupaten atau kota menunjukkan aroganismenya bahwa mereka itu di dalam rangka penerapan UndangUndang No. 22/1999 3 tidak lagi memiliki hubungan dengan propinsi. Kabupaten dan kota tetap berada di dalam koordinasi dan lintas kewenangan dengan propinsi. Namun pemerintah pusatpun harus sadar bahwa tuntutan saat ini menghendaki diterapkannya desentralisasi yang mengharuskan kekuasaan selama ini terpusat dibagikan atau disalurkan ke daerah-daerah agar terjadi juga demokrasi lokal dalam rangka pencapaian kemandirian daerahdaerah. Otonomi Daerah yang diterapkan adalah Otonomi di dalam kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), maka negoisasi, pembicaraan, perundingan, kesepakatan antara pusat dengan daerah yang nanti dengan sendirinya akan menghasilkan saling memberi, saling menerima tetapi 1 E. Kuswawa. "Pengaruh Format Politik Nasional Terhadap Demokrasi Lokal", dalam Arus Bawah

Changes in the nature, scale, and speed of natural resource extraction, especially in the last two decades, have resulted in many new resource extraction areas emerging across the world. By zooming in on Indonesia, this article shows that the underlying causes and consequences of current trends are more complex than portrayed by the rancher-squatter model of frontiers that is still frequently used to explain these developments. We argue that a broadened frontier notion is necessary to address the multifaceted nature of the processes underway in contemporary Indonesian extraction areas, as well as beyond. We propose a perspective that pays explicit attention to four new developments that can be described by using the hybridization of space, time, actors, and rules, and are characterized by the fact that these processes create new perimeters in all four mentioned areas. In so doing, we challenge, broaden, and renew the meaning of frontiers.

In this study, we explain differences in support for interreligious lawful and violent protests against the religious outgroup. Combining religiosity and social identity approaches, we take three dimensions of religiosity (namely, practices, beliefs and salience) into consideration related to support for interreligious conflict, next to relevant control characteristics. The analysis is based on survey data ( N = 2026) collected among a random sample of Muslims ( n = 1451) and Christians ( n = 575) across the Indonesian archipelago. Our findings show that members of the Muslim community are, on average, more inclined to support interreligious conflict, both lawful and violent protests. Participation in rites of passage is a crucial aspect of religious practices found to be positively related to both kinds of protest. Religious beliefs show great importance but vary in their influence: particularistic views and intratextual fundamentalism are related to support for lawful protest, whereas religiocentrism is related to support both for lawful and violent protests. In contrast, salience reduces support for violent protest. As such, the findings offer a differentiated way to understand present-day interreligious conflicts among the general population in Indonesia.