The study of the features of the functional indicators of various systems of the student»s body during his studies at the university is due to the importance of the problem of forming the future healthy generation of the country. In order to study the functional state of the body of students with different levels of physical activity, 672 medical university students were examined (30.7 % of them were boys and 69.3 % of girls). According to the IPAQ questionnaire, the subjects were divided into three groups: with high, medium and low levels of physical activity. The study revealed that more than half of the students with normal body weight were in the group with a high level of physical activity, while there were more boys in the group with average physical activity, and girls in the group with high physical activity. It was found that among students with excess body weight, almost a quarter of them were in the group with a low level of physical activity. A similar pattern was observed in the distribution by gender. According to the main indicators of hemodynamics, it was found that the pulse pressure index was higher among students with high physical activity, which indicates good fitness. The indicator of the coefficient of efficiency of blood circulation was higher in students with a low level of physical activity, which indicates a faster fatigue of students in this group. When comparing the average values of the Robinson index, it was found that this indicator was higher among students in the group with a low level of physical activity, which indicates a weakening of the function of the cardiovascular system. The conducted research allowed us to identify significant differences in the groups due to different levels of physical activity of students.
Introduction. Agricultural crops grown on garden plots are mainly used for personal consumption, are not subject to safety control, and therefore, the chemical composition of the produced crop products may significantly affect the accumulation or deficiency of chemical elements in the human body. Material and methods. To assess the chemical composition of the main products of plant origin produced in the regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan with different economic specialization, the content of 9 trace elements in carrots, table beets and potatoes was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (n = 353). Using the total coefficient of anthropogenic load (Ka.n. = ∑Ci/PDUi), the territory of the Republic was ranked according to the degree of contamination of vegetable crops with toxic elements (lead, cadmium). The influence of trace elements contained in crop products on the health of the region’s population was studied using the risk assessment method. Results. Vegetables with a high content of cadmium (10.8% of the analyzed samples) occupy the largest share in the total volume of crop production that does not meet hygiene standards. When ranking the territory of the Republic on the basis of health risk assessment and the degree of contamination of vegetable crops with toxic elements, territories with a developed mining and petrochemical industry were found to be most unfavorable zones. Conclusion. The content of chemical elements in vegetable crops produced on household plots varies in a wide range, depending on the type of plant products and the place of growth. The lack of standards for the permissible content of certain trace elements in food raw materials and food products, which are priority pollutants in a number of regions, and safety control of products produced in private farms increase the risk of consumption of contaminated products by the population.
Introduction. Currently, many agro-industrial countries are experiencing a rapid intensification of agricultural and livestock production, which can critically affect the health of workers employed in agriculture, one of the five leading sectors of the economy with an increased risk of occupational diseases. Materials and methods. In order to assess the lost years of healthy life due to occupational diseases among agricultural workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 1,199 cases of chronic occupational morbidity of workers over 57 years (1960-2017) were analyzed; the number of years of life not lived or lived insufficiently due to this disease was calculated (the DALY index). Results. During the analyzed period, 41 occupational diseases was diagnosed as a result of exposure to four groups of the main harmful production factors of the working environment and the labour process: physical (43.6%), physical overload (38.9%), harmful chemicals (14.0%) and biological factors (3.5%). It was found that agricultural workers lost 2,256.1 years of healthy life due to occupational diseases, 73.2% accounted for dorsopathies, occupational diseases from vibration exposure and soft tissue diseases. The frequency of detection of occupational diseases and their clinical characteristics are reflected in the total number of years of healthy life lost. More than 75% of a total load of occupational diseases was caused by physical factors together with physical overload. A five-year delay in forming occupational diseases reduces the total lost years of healthy life by 17.0% and a ten-year delay by 33.5%. Limitations. One thousand one hundred ninety-nine cases were assessed over 57 years of observation when studying occupational morbidity, which is a sufficient reference sample. Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of the DALY index due to occupational disease allows to assess the likely medical and social damage by the number of years of healthy life lost for patients and justify priority measures aimed at reducing this damage.
Introduction: One of the main indicators, which characterize occupational health risk is occupational morbidity, directly depending on working conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to study working conditions, occupational diseases formation peculiarities at enterprises of various economic sectors, followed by the development and implementation of targeted measures to create safe working conditions and preserve employees health. Aim: to study industrial risk factors, occupational pathology main forms and timing of its development among employees at enterprises of various economic sectors. Methods: Studying the acts of occupational diseases investigation, sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, medical records of 339 patients who were diagnosed with occupational diseases by the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology in 2015-2019. Results: It was found that the most common occupational diseases were diagnosed among workers of manufacturing industries and enterprises engaged in mining with harmful working conditions (3.1-3.3) while conducting a retrospective in-depth analysis of occupational diseases cases. Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders prevailed in the occupational diseases structure. The largest number of patients had 30-35 years work experience in harmful working conditions. Based on the conducted research, targeted measures have been developed to create safe working conditions and reduce the risk of occupational diseases. Conclusions: 1. Retrospective in-depth analysis of occupational diseases cases, according to the available materials, showed that workers of manufacturing industries and enterprises engaged in mining had the greatest risk of disorders development (46.1 and 20.6%). 2. It was found that the development of occupational diseases depended on the exposure intensity of harmful production factors and exposure time. The risk of occupational diseases increased with increasing time of working in harmful working conditions (class 3.13.4). The greatest risk of occupational diseases was observed within work experience from 30 to 35 years. 3. The structure of the analyzed occupational diseases cases was dominated by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (43.4%), injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes (17.5%), diseases of the ear and mastoid process (15%). 4. The analysis of cases of occupational diseases should be used as the basis for measures development aimed at reducing the risk of their development and preserving employees health.
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