According to the opinion of F. Z. Meyerson, one of the main reasons for disruption of organs' plastic functions under stress is insufficient intake of substrates and cofactors required for synthesis of nucleic acids and protein, as well as partial or complete fasting. In the first stage, according to the author, activity of amino acids’ gluconeogenesis and transamination enzymes increases through the neurohumoral effect, which is the reason of reduced synthesis of protein and transformation of amino acids into glucose, i.e. plastic resources of the organism, its structural proteins, and energy resources in particular, are transformed.

The biochemical characteristic of the conditions of systems allows reviewing the nature and intensity of diseases (pathogenesis). To study the adaptation of the animal organism to the conditions of ecosystem pollution by toxic elements and to establish the specific metabolism routes, we have investigated a number of biochemical indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipidic and mineral metabolism of cows. Our suggestion on lowered antioxidative function of cow blood plasma is confirmed by high concentrations of β-lipoproteins. Their level in animals is 8.00±0.11 and 7.28±0.11 g/l (Р<0.001), correspondingly, which is higher than the reference values by 20.3…32.01%. The results of biochemical studies of cow blood serum demonstrating the indicators of protein metabolism in the organism and comparison of them with reference data allow suggesting that the complex and sophisticated impact of anthropogenic environment pollution cause pseudoadaptation of animals that temporarily compensate hidden pathologic processes. In general, the established changes witness characteristic disturbance of intermediate lipide metabolism in studied cows, which is expressed as lipidemia and hyper-β-proteinemia.

In providing the population with high-quality and cheap beef a signifi cant role is assigned, and in the future will be assigned to beef cattle breeding. The development of this industry and its eff ectiveness depends on the correct use of available feed resources. With the development of the feed industry the main task of which is mainly to ensure that in a small volume, as much as possible, as many sources of nutrients in a highly digestible form, the use of feed additives becomes important. Feed additives as a rule should compensate for the missing elements in the ration. The level and ratio of nutrients in them have a stimulating eff ect on the growth of muscle tissue and the formation of a strong backbone. The purpose of the work was to study the eff ect of the feed additive Vermiculite on the live weight of Kazakh White-headed steers. In order to study the feed additive Vermiculite in the rations of steers a scientifi c and economic experiment has been carried out on the basis of LLP “Terra” in the Kostanay region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Two groups of steers have been formed for this purpose with 10 heads in each. The control group has received a basic feeding ration consisting of corn silage, haylage, wheat straw, complete feed (wheat, barley). The experimental group has received 200 g of Vermiculite per 1 head/day in addition to the main ration. During the entire period of the experiment the steers of the experimental group had the highest indicators of average daily growth compared to their herdmates in the control group. The highest value of the average daily gain in both groups has been observed in the period of 8–12 months, amounting to 1123,3 g in the control group, and 1159,2 g in the experimental group. The diff erence in favor of the steers of the experimental group was 35,9 g or 3,2 % (P < 0,01). In general during the experiment the diff erence in the average daily gain in live weight between the groups was 31,1 g or 3,5 % in favor of the animals of the experimental group.

No abstract

Pig breeding in Russia is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry. The share of pig breeding currently accounts for about 20 % of the total gross livestock production of the country. The profitability of this type of animal husbandry is determined by several factors, the main of which is the expenditures of feed, which is an important indicator of any agricultural enterprise engaged in the production of pork. The purpose of the work was to study the use of sorbents in the diets of pregnant sows. Scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on 3 groups of pregnant sows of Large White breed for 19 heads into each on the base of CJSC “Uralbroiler” pig complex “Rodnikovsky” in the Krasnoarmeysky district in the Chelyabinsk region. The digestibility of crude protein in the 2nd experimental group was 75,46 % the differences between the 1st control and 2nd experimental groups for this indicator were at the level of 1,41 %. The digestibility of crude fiber in sows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded of analogues of the 1st control group by 4,97 %, crude fat by 5,24 %, amounting to 41,09 (Р ≤ 0,001) and 60,47 % (Р ≤ 0,05). The feed additive glauconite in the diets of sows of the 3rd experimental group also had a positive influence on the digestibility of the main nutrients of the diet. If in the 1st control group the digestibility of dry matter was 69,23 %, in the 3rd experimental group it has increased to 72,92 % (Р ≤ 0,01) or 3,69 %, and the difference in the digestibility of organic matter was 2,08 % reaching the value of 75,51 %. The best results in the digestibility of nutrients in the diet of sows have been observed in the 2nd experimental group when using the feed additive Nabikat.